IN  MEMORIAM 
BERNARD   MOSES 


«1* 

N551 

\tt2l 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

Microsoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/firstthirdreaderOOnewsrich 


EDUCATION  DEPT. 

BERNARD  ROSE* 

Copyright,  1904,  by 
Sidney  C.  Newsom  and  Levona  Payne  Newsom 


ALL  BIGHTS   RESERVED 


55.4 


QLfyt  athenaeum  tyvtut 

GINN  &  COMPANY- CAM- 
BRIDGE •  MASSACHUSETTS 


PREFACE 


This  book  is  intended  for  Filipino  pupils  who  have 
completed  a  second  reader.  With  the  supplementary 
work  which  is  provided  in  a  language  book  of  the  series, 
it  is  believed  that  these  lessons  furnish  sufficient  reading 
material  for  the  third  year's  instruction  in  English. 

The  purpose  of  the  book  has  controlled  the  selection  of 
subject-matter  and  the  scope  of  the  lessons.  The  chief  aim 
of  a  reader  must  always  be  to  furnish  a  series  of  graded 
exercises  in  the  language  which  the  pupil  is  studying. 

Aside  from  the  obvious  purpose  of  teaching  English, 
however,  an  effort  has  been  made  to  stimulate  and  inter- 
est the  pupil  in  his  study  of  history  and  geography.  This 
is  particularly  true  of  the  history  and  geography  of  the 
Philippines  and  of  those  countries  which  are  now  or  have 
been  in  the  past  closely  connected  in  a  political  way 
with  the  Islands.  With  this  in  mind  lessons  have  been 
introduced  bearing  upon  the  early  discoveries  of  the 
Spanish,  the  labors  of  Legaspi  and  Salcedo,  the  attack 
by  Li-ma-hong,  the  voyage  of  the  Mayflower,  the  resources 
of  the  Philippine  Islands,  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  and 
other  kindred  subjects. 

Formal  reviews  and  numerous  exercises  in  language 
and  the  simpler  facts  of  grammar  have  been  evenly  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  book.     The  preparation  of  these 

T97&69 


exercises  will  give  to  the  pupil  practice  in  the  writing 
of  English,  and  at  the  same  time  will  afford  a  test  of  his 
mastery  of  what  he  has  read. 

Many  of  the  more  difficult  words  which  have  already 
been  used  in  the  first  and  second  readers  have  been 
placed  in  the  spelling  lists  at  the  foot  of  the  pages. 
These  lists  include  also  the  difficult  words  used  for  the 
first  time  in  this  reader. 

Each  lesson  has  been  written  after  due  consideration 
of  the  actual  needs  of  the  class  room  and  the  tempera- 
ment and  abilities  of  Filipino  children.  It  is  hoped  that 
no  lesson  in  the  book  will  be  found  unavailable  for  the 
pupil  who  has  had  two  years'  systematic  instruction  in 
the  study  of  the  English  language. 

The  Authors. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

The  Nipa  Palm 9 

Decorating  the  Schoolroom    .  10 

Natalia's  Recitation  ....  12 

Salt  Making 14 

A  Lighthouse 15 

A  Young  Lighthouse  Keeper  .  16 

Birds  and  the  Lighthouse  .     .  18 

The  Tide 19 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  Queen 

Elizabeth 21 

Sir   Walter   Raleigh   and   his 

Pipe 23 

Tobacco 25 

The  Beaver 26 

A  Kind  Old  Man 28 

America 29 

Jose's  Trip  to  Manila     ...  31 

Henry  W.   Longfellow    ...  34 

Hiawatha  —  I 35 

Hiawatha  —  II 37 

Hiawatha  — III 38 

Hiawatha  — IV 39 

Language  Exercise      ....  42 

Sugar  Cane 43 

Making  Sugar 44 

A  Circus 46 

The  Zebra 47 

Peanuts 49 

A  Letter 50 

Jean  Franqois  Millet      ...  53 

Robinson  Crusoe  —  I    ....  54 

Robinson  Crusoe  —  II  .     .     .     .  55 


page 

Robinson  Crusoe  —  III     ...     56 

Robinson  Crusoe — IV 

58 

Language  Exercise 

60 

The  Man  in  the  Moon 

61 

A  Chinese  Pirate  —  I 

64 

A  Chinese  Pirate  —  II 

65 

A  Chinese  Pirate  —  III 

67 

The  Burro 

68 

Ellen's  Pet  Burro 

70 

A  Morning-Glory  Vine  —  I 

72 

A  Morning-Glory  Vine  —  II 

74 

Language  Exercise      .     .     . 

76 

A  Careless  Boy       .     .     . 

77 

Rosa  Bonheur     .... 

79 

The  Tiger 

82 

A  Narrow  Escape  .     .     . 

83 

Juan  Salcedo       .... 

86 

The  Heart  of  Mary   .     . 

88 

A  Valentine 

90 

Pearl  Fishing     .... 

95 

Deep-Sea  Divers      .     .     . 

97 

Language  Exercise      .     . 

99 

The  Bird's  Story    .     .     . 

100 

A  Letter    

101 

The  Discovery  of  America  —  I 

103 

The  Discovery  of  America  —  II  105 

The  First  Steamboat  ....  107 

From  Manila  to  San  Francisco  109 

Carmen's  Birthday  Present     .   112 

Tea  — I 

116 
118 
119 

Tea  — II 

The  Boston  Tea  Party 

PAGE 

The  Malay  Settlers  ....   122 
Two  Brave  Generals.     .     .     .   124 
Magellan    and    his    Discover- 
ies—I      128 

Magellan    and    his    Discover- 
ies—II     129 

Magellan    and    his    Discover- 
ies—III  130 

The  Camel .132 

Abu  and  his  Camel  ....  134 
The  Arab  and  his  Horse  .  .137 
Language  Exercise  ....  138 
Railroads  in  the  United  States  139 
From  Dagupan  to  Manila    .     .   141 

A  Letter 144 

Who  am  I? 145 

Dot 146 

Hermoso  —  I 147 

Hermoso  —  II  . 149 

Hermoso  —  III      ......   151 

A  Fire  — I 153 

A  Fire  — II 155 

The    Landing    ok    the     "  May- 
flower"        158 

Captain    Miles    Standish    and 

the  Indians 161 

Language  Exercise      ....  164 

Cacao 165 

Mexico 167 

A  Voyage  on  a  Royal  Galleon  170 


PAGE 

Birdie  and  Baby 174 

William  Tell  —  I 175 

William  Tell  — II 178 

Alexander  and  Bucephalus  —  I  179 
Alexander  and  Bucephalus — II  181 
Language  Exercise      ....   182 

A  Letter 183 

A  Letter 184 

A  Great  Earthquake  .  .  .  185 
A  Story  of  the  Earthquake  —  I  188 
A  Story  of  the  Earthquake  —  II  189 
A  Tidal  Wave  —  I  ....  191 
A  Tidal  Wave  — II      ....   192 

Pompeii 194 

Volcanoes  of  the   Philippines  197 

The  Hippopotamus 200 

Gregorio's  Fall 202 

Rafael  and  Claudia   ....  205 

A  Letter 209 

Language  Exercise  ....  212 
The  Ladrone  Islands  ....  213 
The  General's  Visit  ....  215 


Seat  Work 

Pages  9,  27,  33,  41,  45,  51,  69,  69,  75, 
80,  85,  102,  131,  143,  152,  157,  169, 
193,  204. 

Vocabulary 219 


Philippine  English  Series 


THIRD  READER 

LESSON  1 
THE  NIPA  PALM 

These  houses  are  made  of  nipa.  The  father  of 
Januario  Perez  owns  a  large  nipa  swamp  near 
Camiling,  Luzon. 

Januario  and  his  father  cut  the  nipa  with  long 
sharp  bolos.  Then  they  put  it  into  a  carabao 
cart  and  take  it  to  Camiling.  There  they  sell  it 
to  men  from  other  towns.  These  men  cut  off  a 
part  of  the  long  stem  and  sew  the  leaves  together. 
After  the  nipa  is  dried  it  is  ready  to  be  used. 

One  hundred  pieces  of  nipa  are  tied  in  a  bun- 
dle.    It  takes  many  bundles  to  make  a  vooc. 

swamp  ni'pa         towns  i      ftteiii 

togeth'er        sew  roof  bun'dle 

Note:  The  pupils  should  be  required  to  tell  in  English  some  of 
the  various  uses  of  nipa.     This  exercise  may  be  given  as  seat  work. 

9 


10 


LESSON  2 


DECORATING   THE   SCHOOLROOM 

Januario  goes  to  school  in  Camiling.  They 
have  entertainments  twice  a  year  in  his  school. 
The  first  is  just  before  the  school  closes  for  the 
Christmas  vacation..  Last  Christmas  they  had  a 
large  entertainment,  ..They  invited  many  people. 

Thie^ie^telt'a^ke^^he  boys  and  girls  to  help 
her  make  the  schoolroom  look  pretty.  "  We  will 
have  flags,  nipa,  vines,  and  flowers,"  she  said. 
"We  must  all  work  hard." 


11 

"  My  father  has  a  nipa  swamp,"  said  Januario. 
"  I  will  take  the  carabao  and  cart  and  bring  the 
nipa." 

His  cousin,  Francisco,  went  with  him.  They 
cut  enough  nipa  to  fill  the  cart  and  took  it  to  the 
schoolhouse.  "  That  is  fine,"  said  the  teacher. 
"  Now  we  will  put  it  on  the  wall." 

The  boys  fastened  the  long  nipa  leaves 
wall.     Then  they  hung  American  flags  o\W  the 
doors  and  windows. 

They  brought  long  vines  from  the  -seashore. 
These  were  hung  across  the  ceiling. 

The  girls  put  pots  of  flowers  on  the  tables  and 
in  the  windows.  On  the  teacher's  desk  they 
placed  a  large  bouquet  of  red  flowers. 

"Now  everything  is  ready  for  the  entertain- 
ment," said  the  teacher.  "How  pretty  it  is! 
To-morrow  we  shall  feel  very  proud  of  our  school 
and  schoolroom." 

en  ter  tain'ments         bou  quet'  va  ca'tion 

Christ'mas  twice  fastened 

ceil'ing  fill  in  vit'ed 


12 


LESSON  3 


NATALIA'S  RECITATION 


Natalia  Viray  had  a 
recitation  at  the  enter- 
tainment. She  is  only 
seven  years  old,  but  she 
speaks  English  well. 

Natalia  is  a  pretty 
little  girl.  She  has  large 
black  eyes  and  her  hair 
is  curly.  She  is  always 
kind  and  polite.  The 
teacher,  Miss  Grover,  is 
very  fond  of  her. 

Miss  Grover  gave  Na- 
talia an  easy  recitation  because  she  is  a  little 
girl.  She  studied  it  at  home  with  her  sister, 
Margarita. 

Every  evening  Miss  Grover  heard  Natalia 
recite  it.  If  she  made  a  mistake,  her  teacher 
corrected  her. 


13 

At  the  entertainment  Natalia  spoke  very  well. 
When  she  had  finished  all  the  people  clapped 
their  hands. 

Should  you  like  to  read  the  recitation  that 
Natalia  spoke?     It  is  called  "The  Wind." 

THE  WIND 

I  saw  you  toss  the  kites  on  high, 
And  blow  the  birds  about  the  sky; 
And  all  around  I  heard  you  pass. 
Like  ladies'  skirts  across  the  grass.  — 
0  wind,  a-blowing  all  day  long, 
0  wind,  that  sings  so  loud  a  song ! 

0  you  that  are  so  strong  and  cold, 
0  blower,  are  you  young  or  old? 
Are  you  a  beast  of  field  and  tree, 
Or  just  a  stronger  child  than  me? 
0  wind,  a-blowing  all  day  long, 
0  wind,  that  sings  so  loud  a  song! 

toss  curl'y  fond 

finished  re  cite'  skirts 

rec'i  ta'tion  clapped 


14 

LESSON  4 
SALT  MAKING 

The  land  about  Dagupan  is  low  and  wet.  Both 
nipa  and  rice,  grow  well  there.  Near  the  sea- 
shore much  salt  is  found.  Sometimes  the  sea 
water  comes  up  over  the  land.  When  the 
water  goes  down  again  the  salt  is  left  on  the 
ground. 

The  women  gather  the  salt  and  put  it  in  large 
baskets.  But  it  is  not  ready  for  use.  There  is 
much  dirt  in  it. 

They  take  it  home.  There  they  wash  and  boil 
it.  When  the  salt  dries  again  there  is  no  dirt 
mixed  with  it.  It  is  clean  and  white.  Then  it 
is  ready  for  use. 

The  women  take  the  salt  to  the  market  and 
sell  it.  People  carry  it  home  in  pieces  of  banana 
leaves. 

low  salt  gath'er 

boil  dries  dirt 


15 


LESSON  5 


A  LIGHTHOUSE 


This  tall,  slen- 
der house  stands 
on  a  rock  in  the 
sea.  The  rock  is 
near  the  shore. 
All  around  it- 
are  larger  rocks 
which  rise  up 
out  of  the  sea. 
If  a  boat  should 
run  on  these  rocks  it  would  be  broken  in  pieces. 

The  house  is  called  a  lighthouse.  It  is  built 
of  strong  stone.  In  the  top  of  the  lighthouse 
is  a  great  lamp.  This  lamp  shines  bright  and 
clear  all  night.  Sailors  far  out  on  the  ocean  see 
its  light.  The  light  shows  them  where  the  rocks 
are,  and  they  sail  away  from  them. 

slen'der         rocks         light         lighthouse 
lamp  clear  built 


16 


LESSON  6 
A  YOUNG  LIGHTHOUSE  KEEPER 

An  old  man  and  his  little  daughter  Nellie 
lived  in  a  lighthouse. 

The  old  man  was  fond  of  his  lamp.  "The 
light  and  I  have  saved  many  lives/'  he  used  to 
say.  He  always  kept  the  lamp  clean  and  bright. 
Every  day  he  filled  it  with  oil  and  made  it  ready 
for  the  night. 

Nellie  had  her  work,  too.  She  swept  the  house 
and  cooked  their  food.  Often  she  helped  her 
father  clean  the  lamp.  She  loved  the  light  just 
as  he  did.  She  was  happy  when  she  saw  it 
shining  clear  and  strong. 

Nellie's  father  was  growing  old.  He  could  not 
go  up  and  down  the  steep  stairs  of  the  house 
so  easily  as  he  did  once.  One  day  he  fell  and 
hurt  his  leg.  He  could  not  walk.  He  had  to 
sit  in  his  chair  all  day. 

"What  will  the  poor  sailors  do?"  cried  the 
old  man.     "  I  cannot  care  for  the  lamp  now." 


17 

"  Do  not  be  afraid,  father/'  said  Nellie.  "  The 
lamp  shall  burn  every  night.  I  can  take  care  of 
it  till  you  are  well." 

And  so  she  did.  Every  night  the  light  shone 
out  over  the  waters.  Sailors  saw  it  and  kept 
their  boats  off  the  cruel  rocks. 

One  day  there  came  a  storm.  The  wind  blew 
and  the  big  waves  dashed  against  the  lighthouse. 
All  night  long  the  little  girl  sat  in  the  tiny  room 
with  the  lamp.  She  kept  it  burning  brightly. 
She  wiped  off  the  glass  of  the  windows  so  that 
all  the  light  might  reach  the  sea.  "Burn,  burn, 
good  lamp,"  she  said.  "You  must  shine  bright 
to-night.  If  the  sailors  do  not  see  you,  they  are 
lost." 

In  the  morning  the  storm  had  passed  away. 
The  sun  came  out  from  the  clouds. 

Nellie  went  downstairs  to  her  father.  "  My 
child,"  he  said,  "you  and  the  lamp  have  saved 
many  lives  this  night.     I  am  proud  of  you  both." 

a  gainst'        dashed         swept         stairs         lives 
cooked  cru'el  food  ti'ny  oil 


18 

LESSON   7 

BIRDS  AND  THE  LIGHTHOUSE 

Nellie's  lighthouse  with  its  big  lamp  saves  the 
lives  of  men.    But  it  kills  birds,  bats,  and  insects 


that  fly  at  night.  They  see  the  light  shining 
through  the  glass  windows.  "How  warm  and 
bright  it  looks!"  they  think.  "We  must  reach 
it." 

They  fly  rapidly  toward  the  light.  But  they 
strike  against  the  windows  and  are  killed. 

"Poor  birds!"  Nellie  says  when  she  sees 
them  on  the  ground.  "  My  lamp  does  not 
wish  to  hurt  you.  It  would  save  you,  too,  if 
it  could." 

rap'id  ly  strike  could 

would  in'sects  through 


19 


LESSON   8 


THE  TIDE 


Miguel  and  Juan  sometimes  play  on  a  piece 
of  land  that  goes  out  into  the  sea.  They  dig 
down  into  the  sand  and  the  water  comes  in. 

One  afternoon  their  older  brother,  Simeon,  was 
with  them.  When  he  went  home  he  said, 
" Don't  stay  too  long,  boys;  the  tide  will  come 
in  soon."     "  All  right,"  said  Miguel. 

The  boys  had  dug  a  large  lake.  They  made 
boats  out  of  leaves  and  sailed  them  on  it.  Juan 
put  his  hand  into  the  water  and  made  waves. 
He  said  it  was  a  big  storm. 


20 

They  had  forgotten  what  Simeon  had  told 
them.  It  began  to  grow  dark.  "  Come,  we  must 
go/7  said  Miguel.  He  jumped  up.  "0  Juan!7' 
he  cried;   "  the  tide  has  come  in." 

And  so  it  had.  The  water  was  all  around  the 
piece  of  land  where  they  stood.  The  boys  were 
frightened.  They  did  not  know  what  to  do. 
The  water  was  too  deep  for  them  to  wade.  They 
could  not  swim. 

Juan  began  to  cry.  "  Why  doesn't  Simeon 
come?"  he  said.     " I  want  to  go  home." 

"Simeon  has  forgotten  us,"  said  Miguel ;  "  but 
when  we  do  not  come  father  will  come  to  look 
for  us." 

And  their  father  did  come  in  a  few  minutes. 
He  took  the  boys  in  his  big,  strong  arms  and 
carried  them  to  the  land.  "The  next  time  you 
must  remember  the  tide,"  he  said  ;  "if  you  don't, 
you  will  be  drowned." 

drowned  lake  wade  frightened 

remem'ber         storm  deep  forgot'ten 


21 


LESSON  9 


SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH  AND  QUEEN  ELIZABETH 

All  of  you  have  been  taught  to  be  polite  to 
older  people  and  to  one  another.  Have  you  ever 
heard  the  story  of  the  young  man  whose  polite- 
ness brought  him  riches  and  honor? 

A  queen  named  Elizabeth  once  ruled  England. 
One  day  she  was  walking  with  her  servants  to 
the   river.     In    the    middle   of   the    street   were 


22 

water  and  mud.  The  queen  stopped  a  moment. 
She  did  not  wish  to  wet  her  shoes. 

A  young  man  was  passing  in  the  street.  He 
wore  a  line  velvet  cloak.  He  saw  the  queen  stop 
before  the  mud  in  the  street. 

Quickly  the  young  man  took  the  cloak  from 
his  shoulders.  He  threw  it  on  the  ground  before 
the  queen.  She  smiled  and  walked  over  it  with 
dry  feet. 

The  next  day  Queen  Elizabeth  sent  for  the 
young  man.  "Your  politeness  yesterday  pleased 
me,"  she  said.  "  I  need  such  men  as  you.  I 
shall  give  you  work  that  will  bring  you  riches 
and  honor.  Take  this  ring  as  a  sign  of  my 
pleasure." 

She  placed  on  the  finger  of  the  young  man  a 
ring  shining  with  diamonds.  He  thanked  the 
queen  and  went  away  very  happy. 

taught         po  lite'         po  lite'ness  rich'es 

hon'or  mid'dle        di'a  monds  mud 

cloak  vel'vet         shoul'ders  sign 

pleas'ure 


SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH  AND  HIS  PIPE 


The  name  of  the  young  man  who  pleased 
Queen  Elizabeth  was  Walter  Raleigh.  She  gave 
him  important  work  to  do.  He  became  a  great 
man  in  England  and  was  called  Sir  Walter. 

The  queen  once  sent  him  to  America.  America 
was  a  new  country  then  to  the  rest  of  the  world. 
Few  people,  besides  the  Indians,  lived  there. 


24 

The  Indians  raised  tobacco  and  smoked  it. 
They  taught  Sir  Walter  how  to  smoke. 

When  he  returned  to  England  he  took  some 
tobacco  with  him.  The  people  there  did  not 
know  anything  about  tobacco.  They  had  never 
seen  any  one  smoke. 

Sir  Walter  brought  a  long  pipe  with  him 
from  America.  One  day  he  sat  in  his  house 
smoking  his  pipe. 

A  servant  came  into  the  room.  He  saw  his 
master  sitting  in  a  chair  with  smoke  all  around 
him.  He  thought  his  master  was  on  fire.  He 
ran  out  for  a  jug  of  water.  "  You  are  on  fire, 
Sir  Walter !  "  he  cried.  "  You  are  on  fire  !  H  He 
threw  the  water  over  him  and  put  out  his  pipe. 

Sir  Walter  did  not  like  the  water,  but  he 
laughed  and  showed  the  servant  his  pipe  and 
tobacco.  He  told  him  it  was  that  which  made 
the  smoke. 

world  smoke  re  turned' 

pipe  mas'ter  En'gland 


25 
LESSON  11 


TOBACCO 

Tobacco  is  raised  in  many  parts  of  the  Philip- 
pine Islands.  But  this  plant  grows  best  in  the 
Cagayan  Valley,  in  northern  Luzon. 

The  tobacco  plant  was  brought  to  the  Philip- 
pine Islands  from  Mexico.  The  Filipinos  learned 
how  to  raise  it.  For  more  than  two  hundred  years 
it  has  been  an  important  product  of  the  Islands. 

When  the  plants  are  grown  men  and  women 
take  off  the  leaves  and  dry  them.  Then  they 
are  ready  for  use. 

to  bac'co    val'ley    Mex'i  co    im  por'tant    prod'uct 


26 


LESSON  12 


THE  BEAVER 


This  little  animal  is  a  beaver.  He  is  very  wise 
and  industrious.  Every  winter  he  builds  a  nice 
little  house  to  live  in. 

The  beaver  has  very  sharp  teeth.  With  them 
he  can  cut  off  the  branch  of  a  tree.  His  tail  is 
short  and  flat.  It  is  useful  to  him  when  he 
builds  his  house. 

The  beaver  lives  in  streams  or  small  rivers.  In 
summer  he  plays  in  the  water  or  on  the  bank. 


27 

But  when  autumn  comes  he  begins  to  work.  He 
knows  that  it  will  soon  be  cold.  Then  he  must 
have  a  house  to  live  in. 

He  cuts  down  the  branches  of  trees  with  his 
sharp  teeth.  When  he  has  enough  sticks  and 
small  branches  he  takes  them  into  the  river. 
He  puts  them  together  like  the  roof  of  a  house. 
He  uses  his  tail  to  cover  them  with  soft  mud. 
In  front  he  makes  a  little  door. 

The  beaver's  house  has  two  stories.  The  upper 
story  is  above  the  water.  In  this  he  puts  leaves, 
grass,  and  vegetables  to  eat  during  the  winter.  He 
knows  that  after  a  while  snow  and  ice  will  cover 
everything.  Then  he  could  not  find  anything  to 
eat.     He  lives  in  the  lower  story  of  his  house. 

The  beaver  is  often  called  the  little  carpenter. 
Do  you  not  think  he  is  very  wise  ? 

bea'ver  wise  indus'trious  branch 

enough'        flat  streams  au'tumn 

up'per  low'er         car'pen  ter 

Seat  Work  :  Write  the  plurals  of  these  nouns  :  grass,  branch, 
dish,  bush,  glass,  church,  match,  tax,  wish,  arch. 


28 

LESSON  13 
A  KIND  OLD  MAN 

The  Fourth  of  July  is  a  holiday  in  the  United 
States.  It  was  on  this  day  that  the  country 
became  free.  The  people  have  made  it  a  day  of 
pleasure.  They  do  not  work,  but  go  out  in  the 
air  and  sunshine  and  enjoy  their  freedom. 

There  was  once  a  kind  old  man  who  was  always 
happy  when  the  Fourth  of  July  came.  He  wished 
to  make  others  besides  himself  happy.  He  loved 
birds  and  animals. 

On  this  holiday  he  walked  about  the  town.  If 
he  saw  a  bird  in  a  cage,  he  bought  it.  If  there 
were  squirrels,  or  rabbits,^  or  guinea  pigs  shut  up 
in  little  wooden  houses,  he  bought  them.  If  he 
saw  a  dog  tied  with  a  rope,  he  must  have  him  too. 
All  over  town  this  kind  old  man  went,  buying 
every  animal  that  he  saw  in  prison. 

Then  he  took  them  to  his  home.  He  opened 
the  cages  and  little  houses  and  cut  the  ropes 
which  tied  the  dogs.  "  Go  and  be  happy/7  he 
would  say  to  the  birds  and  squirrels  and  dogs. 


29 

M  I  wish  nothing  to  be  in  prison  on  this  day  that 
made  us  free  and  happy.  I  have  given  you  your 
freedom.    You  shall  not  be  prisoners  any  longer/ ' 

IJ  nit'ed  States  free  free'dom 

pris'on  ers  pris'on         noth'ing 

squirrels  guin'ea  pigs 


AMERICA 


My  country,  't  is  of  thee, 
Sweet  land  of  liberty, 

Of  thee  I  sing; 
Land  where  my  fathers  died, 
Land  of  the  Pilgrims'  pride, 
From  every  mountain  side 

Let  freedom  ring. 

Let  music  swell  the  breeze, 
And  ring  from  all  the  trees, 
Sweet  freedom's  song; 


30 

Let  mortal  tongues  awake, 
Let  all  that  breathe  partake, 
Let  rocks  their  silence  break, 
The  sound  prolong. 


Our  fathers'  God,  to  Thee, 
Author  of  liberty, 

To  Thee  we  sing; 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright 
With  freedom's  holy  light; 
Protect  us  by  Thy  might, 

Great  God  our  King! 


31 

LESSON  14 
JOSE'S  TRIP  TO  MANILA 

14  0  mother !  "  cried  Jose,  running  into  the  house 
one  day ;  "  father  says  I  may  go  on  the  boat  with 
him.     Please  get  me  ready." 

His  mother  brought  his  white  clothes  and  the 
new  straw  hat  which  she  had  bought  for  him 
in  Manila.  Jose  was  soon  ready.  He  did  not 
put  on  any  shoes.  He  is  a  little  boy  and  goes 
barefoot. 

He  said  good-bye  to  his  mother  and  ran  down 
to  the  bay.  There  was  his  father  on  the  boat. 
It  was  almost  time  to  start. 

Jose's  father  is  an  engineer.  His  boat  goes 
from  Cebii  to  Manila.  It  is  a  steamboat,  but  it 
is  not  very  large. 

Jose  had  never  gone  to  Manila  before.  He  was 
much  pleased  when  his  father  said  that  he  would 
take  him. 

"You  must  be  a  good  boy,  Jose,"  said  his 
father,  "and  not  trouble  me  when  I  am  busy. 
And  you  must  not  fall  into  the  water." 


32 

11 1  won't,  father/'  said  Jos6 ;  "  I  will  be  very 
careful." 

Soon  all  the  people  were  on  the  boat  and  the 
whistle  blew.  When  they  started  Jose  laughed 
and  clapped  his  hands.     He  walked  around  the 


deck,  but  he  was  quiet.  He  did  not  trouble 
his  father  or  any  of  the  people. 

He  liked  to  watch  the  waves  as  they  came  up 
around  the  little  boat.  The  water  was  very  blue 
and  shone  like  diamonds. 

Before  long  Jos£  began  to  feel  hungry.  He 
went  downstairs  where  his  father  was. 

"  Father,"  he  said,  "  I  am  hungry."  "  Come  in," 
said  his  father,  "  and  I  will  give  you-  something 


33 

to  eat."  He  went  in  and  his  father  gave  him  a 
plate  of  rice  and  two  ripe  mangoes. 

Then  Jose  went  on  deck  again.  It  began  to 
grow  dark.  He  watched  the  stars  come  out  one 
by  one.  Sometimes  he  saw  a  light  shining  up 
in  the  mountains  on  the  shore. 

In  a  few  minutes  his  father  came  up  with  a 
mat  and  a  blanket.  He  put  the  mat  in  one 
corner  of  the  deck  and  Jose  lay  down.  His 
father  covered  him  up  with  the  blanket  because 
the  air  was  cool. 

Jos6  wished  to  stay  awake  and  watch  the 
stars  and  the  lights  on  the  boat.  But  he  was 
very  sleepy.  The  noise  of  the  waves  seemed  to 
be  saying  "  Good  night,  good  night."  Before  he 
knew  it  he  was  sound  asleep. 


straw 

sound 

stars              steam 'boat 

whis'tle 

pleased 

blan'ket        en  gi  neer' 

sleep'y 

deck 

bare'foot        di'a  monds 

bay 

trou'ble 

Seat  Work:   Write  the  plurals  of  the  following  nouns:  leaf, 
half,  knife,  calf,  wharf,  wolf,  life,  loaf,  shelf,  wife 


34 


LESSON  15 


HENRY  W.  LONGFELLOW 


This  large  house  stands  in  a  city  in  America. 
It  is  a  famous  house.  It  has  been  the  home  of 
two  great  men.  George  Washington,  of  whom 
you  have  read,  once  lived  in  it.  Many  years 
afterwards  a  great  poet  bought  it  for  his  home. 
His  name  was  Henry  W.  Longfellow. 

Some  of  Mr.  Longfellow's  best  poems  were 
written  about  the  Indians.     He  tells  the  story 


35 

of  a  little  Indian  boy  called  Hiawatha ;  how  he 
fished  and  hunted;  how  he  became  a  great- 
man;  and  how  at  last  he  went  away  on  a  long 
journey. 

Perhaps  you  would  like  to  hear  the  story  of 
Hiawatha. 

fa'mous  po'em  po'et 


LESSON  16 
HIAWATHA  — 


A  young  Indian  woman  once  died  and  left  a 
little  boy.  He  was  the  strongest,  finest  baby  the 
Indians  had  ever  seen. 

His  old  grandmother,  Nokomis,  was  very  proud 
of  him.  She  made  him  a  little  cradle  from  the 
branches  of  a  tree.  She  lined  it  with  leaves  and 
moss.  No  other  baby  among  all  the  Indians  had 
so  soft  a  cradle. 


36 

The  grandmother  named  the  boy  Hiawatha. 
"  He  will  be  a  great  prince  among  his  people/'  she 
said.  "  Something  tells  me  he  will  be  the  strong- 
est and  wisest  of  the  Indian  men.  I  have  given 
him  a  name  for  a  prince  and  ruler  of  his  people." 

Then  the  little  Hiawatha 
Learned  of  every  bird  its  language, 
Learned  their  names  and  all  their  secrets, 
How  they  built  their  nests  in  Summer, 
Where  they  hid  themselves  in  Winter, 
Talked  with  them  whene'er  he  met  them, 
Called  them  u  Hiawatha's  Chickens." 

Of  all  beasts  he  learned  the  language, 
Learned  their  names  and  all  their  secrets, 
How  the  beavers  built  their  lodges, 
Where  the  squirrels  hid  their  acorns, 
How  the  reindeer  ran  so  swiftly, 
Why  the  rabbit  was  so  timid, 
Talked  with  them  whene'er  he  met  them, 
Called  them  "Hiawatha's  Brothers." 


chick'en 

a'corns 

rab'bit 

lan'guage 

tim'id 

rein'deer 

lodge 

se'cret 

swift'ly 

37 


HIAWATHA  — II 


Hiawatha's  father  lived  in  another  country 
far  away.  "I  wish  to  visit  my  father,'7  said 
Hiawatha  to  Nokomis. 

"  Oh,  my  grandson,  do  not  go  so  far  away," 
cried  Nokomis.  "  There  are  thick  forests  and 
deep  rivers  and  high  mountains  between  this 
country  and  your  father's." 

"But  I  must  see  my  father,"  said  Hiawatha. 
He  took  his  great  bow  with  its  swift  arrows  and 
started  on  his  journey. 

Many  days  and  nights  he  traveled  among  wild 
animals  and  strange,  fierce  people. 

At  last  he  came  to  the  home  of  his  father  and 
there  he  rested.  His  father  was  pleased  to  see 
his  son  so  brave  and  strong.  "You  will  be  a 
great  man  among  your  people,  my  son.  You 
will  make  your  country  a  safe  and  happy  place 
to  live  in.  I  can  see  that  you  are  strong  and 
brave  and  wise." 

swift         jour'ney         trav'eled         rested 
wise         for'ests  fa'ther  bow 


38 


HIAWATHA  — III 

When  Hiawatha  returned  from  his  father's 
home  he  stopped  in  a  village  to  buy  some 
arrows.  An  old  man  lived  there  who  made  the 
finest  arrows  in  all  the  country. 

The  old  arrow-maker  had  a  very  beautiful 
daughter.  She  was  always  happy  and  smiling. 
The  people  called  her  Minnehaha,  which  means 
Laughing  Water. 

Minnehaha  was  loving  and  gentle  to  her  father. 
She  was  kind  to  strangers.  She  brought  food  and 
water  for  Hiawatha.  When  he  went  away  she 
watched  him  from  the  door  of  her  father's  tent. 

Hiawatha  told  Nokomis  of  his  visit  to  his 
father,  and  of  the  wild  animals  and  fierce  people 
he  had  seen.  "  I  stopped  at  the  arrow-maker's 
to  buy  some  arrows,"  he  said.  "  He  has  a  beau- 
tiful, gentle  daughter  called  Minnehaha.  I  wish 
to  have  her  for  my  wife." 

"Hiawatha,"  said  Nokomis,  "  do  not  bring  a 
stranger  here  among  us.  Take  a  wife  from  your 
own  people." 


39 

"I  have  seen  and  loved  Minnehaha,"  said 
Hiawatha.     "  I  will  return  for  her." 

So  he  went  back  to  the  home  of  the  arrow- 
maker.  As  he  traveled  he  killed  a  great  red 
deer.  This  he  carried  with  him.  He  entered 
the  tent  and  laid  it  at  the  feet  of  Minnehaha. 

"  I  have  come,"  he  said  to  the  old  arrow-maker, 
"  to  ask  you  for  Minnehaha.  She  is  beautiful 
and  gentle.     I  wish  her  for  my  wife." 

The  old  man  was  happy,  yet  he  was  sad. 
"  Let  your  heart  speak,  Minnehaha,"  he  said. 

Minnehaha  rose  smiling.  "  I  will  follow  you, 
0  Hiawatha!"  she  answered. 

ar'row-mak'er        stran'gers         lov'ing 
gen'tle  wife  an'swered 


HIAWATHA  — IV 

Hiawatha  and  Minnehaha  returned  to  his  home 
together.  Nokomis  made  a  great  feast  for  them 
and  invited  all  the  people. 


40 

They  lived  very  happily  till  winter  came. 
But  then  the  snow  fell  day  after  day.  It  covered 
the  ground  and  reached  to  the  top  of  the  tents. 
The  rivers  turned  to  ice. 

Hiawatha  could  catch  no  fish.  He  took  his 
great  bow  and  arrows  and  went  into  the  forest. 
But  the  snow  covered  everything.  He  could  find 
no  deer  or  other  animals. 

All  the  people  were  hungry.  They  had  only 
dry  corn  to  eat.  Many  children  died.  The 
beautiful  Minnehaha  smiled  no  more.  She  was 
weak  and  sick.  All  day  long  she  lay  on  her  bed 
of  branches,  silent  and  sad. 

One  morning  Hiawatha  went  out  early  with 
his  bow  and  arrows.  "  Perhaps  I  can  find  a  bird," 
he  said  to  Nokomis.  "  Even  that  may  save  the 
life  of  Minnehaha." 

All  day  long  he  hunted  through  the  heavy 
woods  covered  with  snow  and  ice.  But  not  a 
bird  could  be  seen.  At  night  he  returned  to  the 
tent.  There  he  saw  the  beautiful  Minnehaha 
dead  on  her  bed  of  birch  branches.  Never  again 
would  she  run  to  meet  him  when  he  came  home. 


41 

Seven  days  and  nights  Hiawatha  sat  without 
food  and  grieved  for  Minnehaha.  Then  he  rose 
and  took   his  boat.     "  Good-bye,  Nokomis,"   he 


— " 

r 

-  ■■■ 

said.     "  I  am   going  on  a   long   journey   into  a 
strange  country." 

So  Hiawatha   went   away   in   his    swift  boat. 
His  people  never  saw  him  again. 

feast         weak         si'lent         grieved 


Seat    Work :  Write  the  plurals  of   the  following  nouns :    city, 
lady,  story,  baby,  pony,  berry,  sky,  study. 


42 


LESSON  17 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lesson  16 

Who  was  Hiawatha? 
Where  did  he  live  ? 
Who  gave  him  the  name  Hiawatha  ? 
Tell  the  story  of  Hiawatha's  visit  to  his  father. 
Describe  the  marriage  of  Hiawatha  and  Minne- 
haha. 

Describe  the  death  of  Minnehaha. 
What  became  of  Hiawatha  ? 

Give  adjectives  opposite  in  meaning  to  the  fol- 
lowing : 

weak         swift         sad         wild         high         soft 

Name  three  proper  nouns  in  Lesson  16. 
Define  these  words : 

food  branch  tent  village 

journey  cradle 

Note  :  Pupils  should  be  required  to  prepare  this  lesson  at 
home.  Papers  should  be  read  and  corrected  in  the  class  room  by 
both  teacher  and  children. 


43 


LESSON  18 


SUGAR  CANE 


On  the  island  of  Negros  there  are  many  large 
fields  of  sugar  cane.  This  is  a  picture  of  one  of 
them. 

It  belongs  to  Pedro's  father.  Pedro  and  his 
brother  Gregorio  helped  their  father  plow  the 
field.  Now  that  the  sugar  cane  is  ripe  they  are 
helping  him  cut  it. 

Their  father  has  three  carabaos  and  three  carts. 
The  boys  will  fill  the  carts  with  the  sugar  cane. 
Then  they  will  take  it  to  the  sugar  mill. 

It  takes  them  a  long  time  to  haul  all  the  sugar 
cane.    They  come  and  go  many  times.    But  Pedro 


44 

and   Gregorio   like  this  work.       They  see  many 
boys  and  girls  on  the  road. 

Ne'gros  sug'ar  cane  mill 

road  be  longs'  plow 


LESSON  19 
MAKING  SUGAR 

Pedro  and  Gregorio  have  brought  all  the  sugar 
cane  to  the  mill. 

The  cane  is  placed  between  two  big  iron  rollers. 
The  rollers  are  turned  by  two  carabaos.  The 
heavy  iron  x>resses  the  juice  out  of  the  cane. 

A  long  bamboo  pole  carries  the  juice  into  the 
great  iron  kettles.  A  fire  burns  under  the  kettles 
and  boils  the  juice.  It  becomes  thick  and  then 
it  is  left  to  cool.  When  it  is  cool  it  hardens  into 
sugar. 

Sugar  made  in  this  way  is  dark  in  color, 
but  it  is  rich  and  sweet.     Much  of  this  brown 


45 


sugar  is  sent  to  Manila.     From  Manila  it  goes 
to  America   in   large    ships.     There   it  is  made 


into   fine  white    sugar    such    as    you  sometimes 
buy  in  the  store. 

roll'ers  press'es  juice 

ket'tles  burns  boils  fire 


Seat  Work :  Write  the  names  of  some  of  the  products  of  the 
Philippine  Islands.     Answer  the  following  questions  : 

What  is  made  from  sugar  cane  ?  What  is  made  from  hemp  ? 
What  is  made  from  bamboo  ? 


46 

LESSON  20 
A  CIRCUS 

Last  summer  there  was  a  circus  in  the  town 
where  George  and  Clara  Holman  live.  Their 
father  took  them  to  see  it. 

The  circus  was  in  a  very  large  tent.  In  the 
center  was  a  big  round  piece  of  ground  covered 
with  sand.  Around  this  were  seats  where  hun- 
dreds of  people  sat. 

The  round  piece  of  ground  is  called  a  ring.  In 
this  ring  there  were  many  things  to  see.  Women 
were  riding  beautiful  horses;  children  were  dan- 
cing to  the  music  of  a  band ;  men  were  running 
and  jumping. 

George  and  Clara  liked  all  this  very  much. 
They  were  sorry  when  the  circus  was  over. 

"Now  we  shall  visit  the  animals,"  said  their 
father.  He  took  them  into  another  large  tent. 
There  they  saw  many  animals  in  iron  cages. 

At  one  side  of  the  tent  was  a  cage  filled  with 
monkeys.  The  children  laughed  at  the  funny 
little  fellows,  and  did  not  wish  to  leave.     "  But 


47 

we  must  see  the  deer  and  the  elephants,"  said 
their  father.  "  On  the  other  side  of  the  tent 
are  elephants,  bears,  snakes,  tigers,  zebras,  and 
many  other  animals. " 

The  children  went  to  see  them  all.  They 
bought  peanuts  and  fed  them  to  the  elephant. 
They  talked  to  the  parrots.  They  saw  a  large 
animal  that  looked  like  a  horse.  "  What  is  this, 
father ?"  asked  George.  "It  looks  like  a  horse 
painted  black  and  white." 

"  That  is  a  zebra,"  said  his  father. 

cir'cus  cen'ter  mu'sic  band  fellow  paint'ed 
bears      ze'bras      snakes      e'le  phants      pea'nuts 


LESSON  21 
THE  ZEBRA 


George  and  Clara  watched  the  zebra  a  long 
time.  "  I  wish  I  had  him  for  a  pony,"  said 
George.     "  Where  did  he  come  from,  father?  " 

"Zebras  live  in  Africa,"  said  his  father. 
"  All  of  them  are  white  like  this  one,  with  stripes 


48 

of  brown  or  black.  They  like  to  stay  in  the  moun- 
tains, but  they  often  come  down  into  the  valleys 
to  eat  grass  and  young  leaves. 

"  They  can  run  fast  and  are  difficult  to  catch. 
Zebras  are  not  fierce  animals  but  they  will  fight 


1          »             i 

If  ^sJlH^^P 

i 

IMF  ii 

•  JI  Sft> 

/*7 

„ 

•■"-  it  2  ' 

when  men  hunt  them.     One  zebra  does  not  fight 
alone.     Many  others  come  to  help  him. 

"  Sometimes  zebras  may  be  tamed  and  used  as 
horses.  But  they  are  not  so  gentle  and  good  as 
horses,  and  men  do  not  like  them  so  well.  I  am 
afraid  this  zebra  would  hurt  you,  if  you  should 
try  to  pet  him  as  you  do  your  pony." 

stripes    difficult    try    tamed     val'leys     gen'tle 


PEANUTS 

Do  you  like  peanuts  ?  Honoria  has  many  of 
them  growing  in  her  garden.  She  and  her  mother 
planted  them  many  months  ago. 

The  little  vines  grew  very  fast.  They  had 
pretty  yellow  blossoms  on  them. 

When  the  blossoms  came  off  the  little  vines  fell 
to  the  ground.  They  grew  down  into  the  earth. 
Peanuts  came  where  the  blossoms  were. 

By  and  by  Honoria  will  pull  up  the  vines  and 
take  off  the  peanuts.     The  nuts  are  in  a  soft  shell. 

Honoria  must  cook  them  before  they  are  ready 
to  eat.  She  has  a  large  copper  pan.  She  puts 
the  peanuts  in  this  and  covers  them  with  a  large 
flat  piece  of  wood. 

This  copper  pan  is  put  on  the  small  earthen 
stove.     Honoria  makes  a  fire  in  the  stove  and  the 


50 

peanuts  cook  very  slowly.  When  the  shells  begin 
to  look  brown  Honoria  knows  that  they  haye 
cooked  long  enough.  She  takes  them  off  the  stove 
and  sets  them  out  of  doors  to  cool. 

Then  she  and  her  mother  break  the  shells  and 
put  a  little  salt  on  the  nuts. 

Honoria's  mother  takes  them  to  the  market. 
She  carries  with  her  a  small  cocoanut  shell  with 
which  to  measure  them. 


blos'soms 

earth'en        cop'pei 

shell        flat 

meas'ure 

e  nongh'        earth 

stove       pan 

LESSON  23 

A  LETTER 

San  Fernando,  Pampanga,  P.I. 

August  10,  1904. 

Dear  Trinidad  : 

We  were  all  so  sorry  that  you  could  not  come 
to  Cousin  Lucia's  wedding.  We  expected  you, 
and  Thursday  afternoon  Roque  drove  to  the 
station  to  meet  you. 


51 

Perhaps  you  would  like  to  hear  about  the 
wedding.  We  went  to  the  church  at  six  o'clock 
in  the  morning.  Cousin  Lucia  wore  a  pretty 
white  silk  dress  and  a  long  veil.  Her  slippers 
were  white,  also.  She  drove  to  the  church  in 
a  carromata,  but  the  rest  of  us  walked. 

After  the  wedding  we  went  to  Uncle  Vincente's 
house.  There  we  had  breakfast.  An  orchestra 
played  all  the  time.  When  we  had  finished 
breakfast  we  danced  until  we  were  tired. 

Many  people  came  to  the  house.  Carmen 
Abalos  from  Malolos  and  her  sisters  were  there. 
They  lived  in  San  Fernando  when  they  were 
children.  Carmen  is  a  teacher  and  speaks  Eng- 
lish well.     The  other  two  girls  go  to  school. 

Many  people  here  have  been  having  the  fever. 

Mother  was  sick  with  it,  but  she  is  better  now.    She 

sends  you  her  love  and  says  that  you  must  come 

to  see  us.  v         „    ,.       , 

Your  affectionate  cousin, 

Margarita  Saison. 


Note :  Write  the  plurals  of  the  following  nouns  :  mouse,  goose, 
man,  woman,  tooth,  child,  foot,  ox. 


52 


53 

LESSON  24 
JEAN  FRANCOIS  MILLET 

You  have  seen  the  picture  of  a  little  American 
girl  churning. 

This  woman  is  churning,  too.  She  is  a  French 
woman  and  she  is  very  poor.  Her  home  is  in  the 
country  and  she  works  hard.  Sometimes  she  has 
nothing  to  eat  except  brown  bread  and  the  butter 
she  makes. 

This  picture  was  painted  by  a  great  artist. 
His  name  was  Millet  and  he  lived  in  France. 
He  loved  the  country  and  the  poor  people  who 
lived  there.  He  had  been  among  them  and  knew 
their  homes,  customs,  and  work. 

Millet  painted  many  pictures  of  these  poor 
people.  He  wished  to  help  them.  He  thought 
the  best  way  to  do  this  was  to  show  others  the 
hard  work  which  the  poor  are  compelled  to  do. 


churn'ing 

French 

art'ist 

France 

cus'toms 
com  pelled' 

a  mong' 

54 


LESSON  25 
ROBINSON  CRUSOE  — I 

Robinson  Cru- 
soe was  a  boy  who 
lived  in  England. 
His  home  was 
near  the  sea  and 
he  wished  to  be 
a  sailor. 

But  his  father 
said,  "  You  are  my 
only  son ;  you 
must  stay  at 
home  to  help  me." 
One  day  Rob- 
inson was  on  the 
shore  watching  the  ships.  There  he  met  a 
friend.  This  friend  told  him  that  on  the  next 
day  his  father's  ship  would  sail  for  a  distant 
country.  "  I  am  going  with  him,"  he  said ; 
"and  I  wish  you  would  come,  also." 

"  I  will,"  said  Robinson;  "but  I  must  not  tell 
my  father." 


55 

The  next  day  the  boat  sailed  and  the  two  boys 
were  on  it.  A  light  wind  was  blowing  and  they 
went  rapidly  over  the  water. 

But  at  the  end  of  two  weeks  a  great  storm 
arose.  The  wind  blew  the  boat  on  the  rocks 
near  a  small  island,  and  it  was  wrecked.  All  the 
people  on  board  except  Robinson  were  drowned. 
He  swam  to  the  shore,  leaving  the  boat  resting 
against  a  rock,  but  half  full  of  water.  There 
he  found  himself  in  a  land  filled  with  palm 
trees  and  flowers  such  as  he  had  never  seen 
before. 


ROBINSON  CRUSOE— II 

Poor  Robinson  did  not  know  what  to  do.  He 
was  all  alone  in  a  strange  country.  Night  was 
coming  on  and  he  was  afraid.  He  climbed  a 
tree  and  slept  among  the  thick  branches. 

The  next  morning  he  swam  out  to  the  ship. 
There  he  found  the  sailors7  pet  dog.  "I  must 
take  him  on  shore  with  me,"  he  said  to  himself. 
"  Then  I  shall  not  be  so  lonely." 


56 

Many  other  things  that  he  needed  were  on  the 
ship.  Bread,  meat,  flour,  and  fresh  water  were 
there ;  also  several  guns  and  some  powder,  nails, 
and  a  hammer.  He  found,  too,  a  stone  w^ith 
which  to  strike  fire. 

Robinson  nailed  some  boards  together  and 
made  a  flat  boat.  On  this  he  put  the  dog  and 
as  many  things  as  he  could  carry.  Then  he 
slowly  paddled  his  raft  toward  the  shore. 


light 

rap'id  ly 

sail'or 

board 

palm 

drowned 

lone'ly 

need'ed 

bread 

meat 

flour 

pow'der 

nails 

ham'mer 

stone 

wrecked 

ex  ceptf  nailed  pad'dled 

ROBINSON  CRUSOE  — III 

That  night  Robinson  slept  again  in  the  thick 
branches  of  the  tree.  The  next  morning  he  went 
to  the  ship  and  brought  other  things  to  the  shore. 
He  found  several  kinds  of  grain.  These  he  took, 
as  he  wished  to  plant  them.  For  many  days  he 
went  to  and  from  the  boat.     But  one  evening  a 


57 

storm  came  up.  The  great  waves  washed  away 
all  that  was  left  of  the  ship.  Poor  Robinson  felt 
as  if  he  had  lost  his  only  friend. 

"But  I  have  the  dog,"  he  said;  "and  now  I 
must  get  to  work  on  land.  First,  I  must  see 
what  kind  of  place  this  is." 

He  took  one  of  the  guns  and  the  dog  and  went 
on  a  little  journey.  He  found  fine  fruits  grow- 
ing on  beautiful  trees,  cool  streams  of  water, 
wild  goats  and  many  kinds  of  birds,  but  no  man. 

"A  parrot  would  be  a  good  companion,"  thought 
Robinson  to  himself.  "  I  could  teach  it  to  talk 
to  me."  He  caught  a  parrot  and  several  wild 
goats.  These  he  took  back  to  the  other  side  of 
the  island  with  him. 

At  first  Robinson  lived  in  a  tent  made  from 
the  skins  of  animals  which  he  had  killed.  But 
later  he  built  a  house  of  stones  and  earth  on  the 
side  of  a  steep  hill.  He  planted  the  grain  he 
had  found  on  the  ship.  His  goats  gave  him 
milk  to  drink.  He  did  not  lack  for  food.  But 
he  was  very  lonely  and  wished  for  other  com- 
panions besides  his  dog  and  parrot. 


58 


ROBINSON  CRUSOE  — IV 

Many  years  passed  in  this  way.  Robinson  had 
become  a  man.  His  hair  and  beard  had  grown 
long.  He  was  dressed  in  the  skins  of  animals. 
He  marked  on  a  tree  each  day  that  passed  so 
that  he  might  know  the  weeks  and  months. 

At  last  a  fortunate  thing  happened.  A  poor 
savage  came  to  the  island  in  a  boat.  Other  sav- 
ages were  with  him  and  wished  to  kill  him. 
Robinson  saved  the  man's  life  and  took  him  home 
with  him.  He  named  him  Friday  because  on 
that  day  he  had  found  him. 

Robinson  soon  learned  to  talk  with  Friday  and 
taught  him  to  do  many  things.  He  was  not  so 
lonely  now,  but  longed  to  return  to  his  own  coun- 
try. He  wished  to  see  his  father  and  mother  and 
his  old  home. 

Every  day  he  and  Friday  watched  the  ocean  to 
see  if  a  ship  came  near  the  island.  But  none 
ever  came.  Robinson  began  to  think  that  he 
should  never  see  England  again. 

Friday  told  him  of  his  own  island  and  of  others 


59 

that  lay  near  it.  "Let  us  build  a  boat,"  said 
Robinson,  "and  visit  these  islands.  Perhaps 
there  I  may  meet  a  ship  which  will  take  me  to 
England." 

After  months  of  hard  work  the  boat  was  fin- 
ished. Robinson  and  Friday  set  sail  and  reached 
one  of  the  islands  in  safety. 

Robinson  passed  through  great  dangers  and 
visited  many  places ;  but  at  last  he  found  a  ship 
which  was  going  to  England.  Taking  his  faithful 
Friday  with  him,  he  joyfully  started  for  the  coun- 
try he  had  left  so  many  years  before. 

lack  dan'gers  for'tu  nate        sav'age 

beard  com  pan'ion        faith'ful  re  turn' 

safe'ty  joy'ful  ly  finished 

Seat  Work:  Commit  to  memory  the  following  list  of  personal 


uns. 

Nom. 

Pos. 

On  j. 

First  Person,  Sing.  : 

I 

my  or  mine 

me 

Plur.  : 

we 

our  or  ours 

us 

Second  Person, 
Sing,  and  Plur.: 

} 

you 

your  or  yours 

you 

fM. 

he 

his 

him 

Third  Person,  Sing. : 

V 

she 

hers 

her 

Plur.: 

u 

it 
they 

its 
their  or  theirs 

it 
thee 

60 

LESSON  26 
A  LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lesson  25 

Tell  how  Robinson  Crusoe  went  to  sea. 

Why  was  Robinson's  father  unwilling  for  him 
to  go? 

Describe  the  island  where  Robinson  lived. 

Name  eight  things  that  Robinson  carried  ashore 
from  the  boat. 

What  animals  did  he  have  for  companions  ? 

What  kind  of  clothes  did  Robinson  wear  ? 

Tell  the  story  of  Friday. 

Where  did  Robinson  and  Friday  finally  go  ? 

Define  the  following  words  : 

to  wreck  to  drown         to  nail         to  mark 

to  save  to  return 

Form  adjectives  from  the  following  nouns : 


danger 

friend 

storm 

j°y- 

companion 

fortune 

fruit 

faith 

rock 

distance 

Note  :  See  note,  Lesson  17. 


61 

LESSON  27 


THE  MAN  IN  THE  MOON 

When  the  moon  shines  at  night  the  boys  and 
girls  like  to  play  in  the  street. 

One  evening  Fortunata,  Paz,  and  Pastora  were 
taking  a  walk.  "  Let  us  ask  Miss  Wilson  to  go 
with  us,"  said  Pastora. 

So  they  went  to  their  teacher's  house.  She 
was  glad  to  go  to  walk.  "It  is  too  fine  a  night 
to  stay  indoors,"  she  said. 


62 

They  walked  through  the  plaza,  past  the  church 
and  convent.  Then  they  went  down  the  long 
street  leading  to  the  river. 

By  and  by  they  were  tired  and  returned  to  the 
plaza  to  rest.  The  large  round  moon  was  shining 
almost  above  their  heads. 

"Do  you  see  the  man  in  the  moon?"  asked 
Miss  Wilson.  They  all  tried  to  find  him.  "  I  see 
an  old  man  with  a  long  beard,"  cried  Fortunata. 

u  Sometimes  children  in  America  look  for  the 
woman  in  the  moon/7  said  Miss  Wilson.  "  You  can 
see  her  face  if  you  look  carefully.  She  is  young 
and  pretty.  She  seems  to  be  looking  up  at 
some  one." 

"No,"  said  Paz,  after  they  had  looked  for  a 
minute  or  two.  "  I  can  see  only  a  few  queer 
spots  and  dark  places.  Perhaps  the  moon  looks 
different  in  America." 

"  Look  again,"  said  Miss  Wilson,  laughing. 
"  The  German  children  think  that  they  can  see 
a  man  with  a  bundle  of  sticks  on  his  shoulder. 

"  They  have  a  story  which  says  there  was  a  man 
who  liked  to  work   on   Sunday.     His  neighbors 


t>3 

told  him  that  this  was  wrong,  but  he  paid  no 
attention  to  what  they  said. 

"  One  day  he  went  into  the  forest  to  gather 
sticks  for  his  lire.  When  he  had  enough  he  tied 
them  into  a  bundle.  Taking  the  bundle  on  his 
shoulder,  he  started  for  home. 

"  Suddenly  the  old  man,  with  his  bundle  and 
all,  was  lifted  up  into  the  moon.  There  he  is  to 
this  day.  German  children  always  see  him  when 
the  moon  is  full." 

"  That  is  a  good  story,"  said  Paz.  "  But  I 
cannot  see  the  man." 

"  Perhaps  you  can  see  what  the  Chinese  chil- 
dren do,"  Miss  Wilson  replied.  "  Their  parents 
have  taught  them  that  there  is  a  rabbit  pounding 
rice  in  the  moon.  When  the  moon  comes  up 
round  and  full  the  Chinese  boys  say :  '  See,  there 
is  the  rabbit  hard  at  work.  To-morrow  he  will 
have  rice  for  his  dinner.7  " 


bun'dle 

wrong 

at  ten'tion 

gath'er 

lift'ed 

rab'bit 

par'ents 

pound'ing 

in' 

doors 

con'vent 

lead'ing 

64 

LESSON  28 
A  CHINESE  PIRATE  — I 

Many  boys  and  girls  in  the  Philippine  Islands 
live  on  the  China  Sea.  If  you  could  look  beyond 
this  body  of  water,  you  would  see  the  great  coun- 
try of  China. 

China  is  a  much  older  country  than  yours,  and 
has  many  more  people.  There  are  so  many  people 
that  sometimes  there  is  not  enough  for  them  all 
to  eat. 

More  than  three  hundred  years  ago  there  was 
in  China  a  pirate  named  Li-ma-hong.  He  sailed 
about  in  the  China  Sea  burning  boats  and  killing 
sailors. 

The  Chinese  emperor  said  to  the  people,  "  I 
will  pay  a  large  sum  of  money  to  the  man  who 
brings  me  this  pirate  dead  or  alive." 

When  Li-ma-hong  heard  this  he  wished  to  leave 
China.  He  had  heard  of  Manila  and  the  island 
of  Luzon.  "  I  will  go  there,"  he  said,  "  and  have 
a  kingdom  of  my  own." 


65 


A  CHINESE  PIRATE  — II 

So  the  pirate  set  sail  for  Luzon.     He  had  sixty- 
two  boats  and  a  great  number  of  soldiers. 


When  he  reached  Manila  Bay  he  sent  a  lieu- 
tenant with  fifteen  hundred  soldiers  to  take  the 
city.  A  fierce  battle  was  fought  between  the 
Spaniards  and  the  Chinese.     The  lieutenant  and 


66 

many  of  the  Chinese  were  killed.  The  others 
were  driven  back  to  their  boats. 

A  short  time  after  this  Li-ma-hong  himself  took 
the  men  and  marched  against  the  city.  The 
Spaniards  now  had  Filipino  soldiers  to  help  them 
and  they  drove  the  pirates  back  a  second  time. 

Li-ma-hong  and  his  men  returned  to  their  boats 
and  sailed  up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Agno  River. 
Here  they  landed  and  the  pirate  established  his 
kingdom  in  the  province  now  called  Pangasinan. 
The  Chinese  thought  they  were  safe  in  a  place  so 
far  from  Manila.  They  built  houses,  plowed  the 
fields,  and  planted  grain. 

The  Chinese  emperor  had  heard  of  the  trouble 
Li-ma-hong  was  making  in  the  Philippines.  He 
sent  a  man-of-war  and  soldiers  to  help  the  people 
capture  him. 

Juan  Salcedo,  a  brave  Spanish  captain,  had  also 
come  to  Manila  to  take  part  in  the  war.  Spanish, 
Filipino,  and  Chinese  soldiers  were  sent  against 
Li-ma-hong.     Some  went  by  land,  others  by  sea. 


67 


A  CHINESE  PIRATE  — III 

When  Li-ma-hong  heard  that  so  many  soldiers 
were  coming  he  feared  that  he  would  surely  be 
captured. 

Then  he  did  a  very  cowardly  thing.  He 
ordered  some  of  his  men  to  go  forward  and  fight. 
Taking  the  others  with  him  he  escaped  to  his 
boats  and  sailed  away. 

When  the  soldiers  who  had  gone  forward 
learned  what  he  had  done  they  were  not  willing 
to  fight.  Many  of  them  went  north  into  the 
mountains  and  settled  among  the  Igorrotes. 

Some  stayed  in  Pangasinan  and  some  went  to 
other  parts  of  Luzon. 

be  yond'  bod'y  Chi'na  pi'rate 

em'per  or  a  live'  king'dom  lieu  ten'ant 

bat'tle  cap'ture  mouth  province 

es  caped'  safe  man-of-war  trou'ble 

or'dered  cow'ard  ly  wiU'ing  north 


68 


LESSON  29 


THE  BURRO 


In  many  mountainous  countries  a  little  animal 
called  the  burro  is  used.  He  looks  something 
like  a  very  small  horse,  but  his  hair  is  longer 
and  he  has  large  ears. 

The  burro  is  very  strong  although  he  is  so 
small.  He  is  used  in  mountainous  countries 
because  he  can  travel  over    steep  places  more 


69 

safely  than  a  horse.  The  burro  never  falls.  His 
little  feet  do  not  slip  when  he  walks  over  rough 
rocks  or  a  dangerous  path. 

When  men  have  heavy  loads  to  send  up  into 
the  mountains,  they  put  them  on  the  burro.  They 
tie  the  load  in  two  bundles  and  place  one  on 
each  side  of  the  little  fellow,  and  so  he  carries 
them. 

In  the  western  part  of  America  there  is  a 
very  high  range  called  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Here  many  burros  are  used.  Sometimes  twenty- 
five  of  them  may  be  seen  going  up  the  mountains 
together,  each  one  carrying  two  heavy  bundles. 


moun'tain  ous 

bur'ro 

safe'ly 

slip 

rough 

range 

load 

west'ern 

to  geth'er 

Seat  Work :  Substitute  for  dashes  either  between  or  among  as  the 
sense  requires. 

He  sat  the  two  men. 

What  boy  you  did  this  ? 

The  stream  flows  its  banks. 

The  Pasig  is  Old  and  New  Manila. 

The  little  bird  flew  the  leaves. 


70 

LESSON  30 
ELLEN'S  PET  BURRO 

Children  in  some  parts  of  America  are  fond  of 
burros  as  pets.  They  like  to  ride  them  or  drive 
them  in  little  carts. 

Ellen  Burton's  father  once  gave  her  a  burro 
for  a  Christmas  present.  The  burro  was  small 
and  his  hair  was  long  and  brown.  Ellen  liked 
him  very  much.     She  named  him  Job. 

Job  was  very  patient  and  gentle.  He  would 
let  Ellen  ride  him  or  play  with  him  all  day. 
There  was  only  one  bad  thing  about  him.  If 
he  wished  to  stop  in  the  road  and  eat  grass,  he 
stopped.     Ellen  could  not  make  him  go  on. 

One  day  Ellen  went  to  visit  her  grandmother, 
who  lived  in  the  country.  When  she  started  for 
home  she  said  :  "  Now  go  fast,  Job.  It  is  almost 
dinner  time  and  I  am  hungry." 

At  first  Job  went  very  well.  But  when  they 
were  about  two  miles  from  Ellen's  home  he 
too  seemed  to  grow  hungry.  He  stopped  and 
began  to  eat  the  grass  at  the  side  of  the  road. 


71 

"  Go  on,  Job,"  said  Ellen ;  u  I  am  in  a  hurry." 
But  Job  would  not  go  on.  He  kept  eating  the 
grass.  He  seemed  to  be  very  hungry.  "  Oh,  don't 
stop  to  eat  the  grass !  "  cried  Ellen.  "  I  will  give 
you  some  nice  green  corn  when  we  get  home." 

Job  did  not  move.  Ellen  found  a  little  stick 
and  hit  him  with  it  as  hard  as  she  could.  He 
did  not  care  for  that.  It  did  not  hurt  him.  He 
stood  quite  still,  biting  the  grass  and  looking  at 
the  little  girl. 

At  last  Ellen  said :  "  I  shall  have  to  walk 
home  and  leave  you  here.  Then  you  will  not 
get  any  corn  for  your  dinner." 

She  reached  home  hot  and  tired,  and  found  her 
mother  watching  for  her.  "  Why,  Ellen,"  she  said, 
"  where  have  you  been?  Job  came  home  half  an 
hour  ago." 

Sure  enough  there  was  the  bad  little  burro  eat- 
ing his  corn  in  the  barn.  He  looked  so  kind  and 
gentle  that  no  one  would  suppose  he  had  made 
Ellen  walk  two  miles  for  her  dinner. 

fond     pa'tient      suppose'      hur'ry      hurt      sure 


72 


LESSON  31 


A  MORNING-GLORY  VINE  —  I 


I  am  a  morning-glory  vine.  My  flowers  are 
blue  and  white.  They  are  shaped  like  bells.  My 
leaves  are  large  and  green.  I  have  many  little 
vines.  They  are  very  delicate.  They  like  to 
curl  about  anything  that  can  hold  them  up. 

I  awake  early  in  the  morning.  Long  before 
the  sun  comes  up  I  open  my  pretty  flowers. 
They  drink  in  the  damp  air  and  dew. 

When  the  sun  rises  my  blue  and  white  flowers 
are  glad  to  see  him.    They  open  wide.    The  drops 


73 

of  dew  on  them  shine  like  diamonds.  They  are 
happy  and  I  am  happy,  too.  I  climb  higher  and 
higher  trying  to  reach  the  beautiful  sun. 

I  have  not  always  grown  on  this  fence  where 
you  see  me.    Once  my  home  was  on  the  seashore. 

I  was  never  lonely  there.  I  had  hundreds  of 
friends  in  the  sand  with  me.  We  could  hear  the 
waves  dash  on  the  shore  and  the  wind  blow  in 
the  cocoanut  trees  above  our  heads. 

But  I  was  not  always  happy  even  by  the  sea. 
Boys  and  girls  played  there.  They  pulled  my 
pretty  flowers.  They  ran  over  me  and  broke  my 
little  vines  with  their  careless  feet.  They  did 
not  know  how  it  hurt  me.  They  thought  that 
I  was  only  a  poor  vine  growing  in  the  sand. 

The  women  often  sat  by  me  as  they  put  the 
fish  in  their  baskets.  They  tore  off  my  leaves  and 
long  pieces  of  my  stem.  Then  they  strung  many 
fish  on  the  stem  and  threw  them  into  the  baskets. 

All  this  made  me  very  unhappy.  I  often  said 
to  myself,  "  I  wish  I  had  a  quiet  place  to  grow 
where  there  were  no  women  to  break  off  my  vines 
or  children  to  run  over  me  and  pull  my  flowers.' ' 


74 

LESSON   32 
A  MORNING-GLORY  VINE —  II 

One  day  I  was  lying  on  the  sand  thinking 
about  these  things.  Suddenly  I  heard  a  little 
girl  cry,  "  0  mother !  see  the  pretty  morning- 
glory  vines."  She  ran  to  where  I  grew;  but 
she  did  not  hurt  me  nor  pull  my  flowers. 

"  Should  you  like  to  take  one  of  the  vines  home 
with  you  and  plant  it  in  the  garden  ?  "  asked  her 
mother. 

"  Oh,  yes,"  said  the  little  girl.  "Do  let  me 
take  one." 

So  they  took  me  up  by  the  roots.  But  they 
were  so  careful  that  it  did  not  hurt  me  at  all. 
They  wrapped  my  roots  in  a  piece  of  banana 
leaf  and  carried  me  home. 

That  same  evening  the  little  girl  planted  me 
here  by  the  fence.  At  first  I  felt  dry  and  hot. 
I  thought  I  should  never  grow  any  more. 

But  every  morning  the  little  girl  gave  me 
water.  She  put  rich  dirt  around  my  roots.  Soon 
I  felt  better. 


75 

Then  I  began  to  grow.  I  ran  all  over  this 
fence.  I  was  covered  with  bell-shaped  flowers,  as 
you  see  me  now. 

The  little  girl  is  kind  to  me.  People  passing 
by  in  the  street  say,  "  What  a  fine  morning-glory 
vine !  "  I  have  the  sunshine  and  dew  and  rain 
just  as  I  did  on  the  seashore.     I  am  very  happy. 

But  sometimes  I  long  for  the  friends  who  lived 
in  the  sand  with  me.  I  wish  to  hear  the  waves 
dashing  on  the  shore  and  the  wind  blowing  in 
the  cocoanut  trees  that  grew  above  me. 


wide 

care'ful 

del'i  cate 

stem 

dew 

un  hap'py 

wrapped 

fence 

dash 

sud'den  ly 

drop 

dirt 

roots 

bell'-shaped 

quiet 

curl 

morn'iri 

Lg-glo'ry 

Seat  Work :  Substitute  for  the  dashes  either  to  or  at  as  the  sense 
requires. 

Pedro  remains school  till  eleven  o'clock. 

When  did  you  go  Manila? 

He  was  home  yesterday. 

Were  you  going  his  house  ? 

what  hour  shall  I  see  you  ? 


76 


LESSON  33 
A  LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lesson  31 

Who  tells  the  story  of  the  morning-glory? 

Describe  the  flowers  of  the  morning-glory  vine. 

Why  did  the  vine  like  its  first  home? 

Why  was  it  sometimes  unhappy  there? 

What  did  the  little  girl  do  for  the  morning- 
glory  ? 

Why  did  the  vine  sometimes  wish  for  its  old 
home? 

Why  is  this  vine  called  morning-glory? 

Define  these  words : 

delicate  lonely  quiet 

sudden  careful  wide 

Use  these  words  in  sentences : 


dew 

diamond 

fence 

stem 

piece 
roots                 sunshine 

dirt 

77 

LESSON  34 
A  CARELESS  BOY 

Luciano's  mother  asked  him  to  cut  her  some 
banana  leaves.  She  was  cleaning  the  house  and 
needed  the  leaves  to  polish  the  floor. 

"In  just  a  minute,  mother,77  said  Luciano; 
"  1 7m  getting  ready  for  school.77 

He  put  on  his  white  coat  and  hat,  because  he 
did  not  wish  to  return  to  the  house  before  school. 
Then  he  took  the  bolo  and  went  into  the  yard 
for  the  banana  leaves. 

"  Be  careful  not  to  get  the  juice  of  the  leaves 
on  your  coat,77  said  his  mother  as  Luciano  went 
into  the  yard.  "  Yes,  I  shall  be  careful,  mother,77 
he  replied. 

When  Luciano  went  to  get  the  leaves  he  saw 
a  large  bunch  of  bananas  that  would  soon  be 
ripe.  "It  is  time  to  pull  these  bananas,77  he 
said  to  himself.  "I  will  cut  down  the  plant. 
Then  I  can  get  both  the  leaves  and  the  bananas.77 

So  he  cut  down  the  plant.  He  took  several  large 
leaves  in  to  his  mother.    Then  he  went  back  for 


78 

the  bananas.  He  carried  the  big  bunch  into  the 
house  and  hung  it  up  to  ripen. 

"  Good-bye,  mother,"  he  said;  "I  am  going 
now."  He  started  to  go  to  school  and  thought 
no  more  of  the  bananas. 

The  next  week  when  his  coat  came  home  from 
the  wash  it  was  covered  with  dark  stains  across 
the  shoulders,  and  down  the  front  were  brown 
spots  each  as  large  as  a  peso. 

"Luciano,"  said  his  mother,  "  your  new  white 
coat  is  ruined.  It  is  covered  with  banana  stains. 
How  did  it  happen  ?  " 

Luciano  thought  for  a  moment.  "Why, 
mother,"  he  said,  "I  had  it  on  the  morning  I 
cut  down  the  banana  plant.  It  is  too  bad ;  now 
I  cannot  wear  the  coat  to  school  any  more.  It 
is  new,  too.  The  next  time  I  shall  not  be  so 
lazy.  I  shall  take  off  my  coat  when  I  cut  down 
another  banana  plant." 


pol'ish 

juice 

bunch 

rip'en 

re  plied' 

stains 

pe'so 

ru'ined 

la'zy 

m 


79 

LESSON  35 
ROSA  BONHEUR 

There  once  lived  in  France  a  poor  artist.  He 
had  a  little  daughter  named  Rosa  Bonheur. 

Rosa  did  not  like  to  go  to  school.  She  liked 
to  stay  in  the  fields,  playing  with  flowers  and 
birds  and  animals. 

One  day  her  father  found  her  drawing  the 
picture  of  a  horse.  "Why,  Rosa,"  he  said, 
"  you  draw  that  horse  better  than  I  can.  I  must 
teach  you  to  paint.  Some  day  you  may  be  an 
artist." 

So  the  little  Rosa  learned  to  paint.  She  went 
into  the  fields  and  made  pictures  of  cows  and 
horses  and  sheep. 

These  pictures  were  very  fine.  People  had 
never  seen  anything  like  them  before. 

By  and  by  Rosa  Bonheur  became  a  rich  and 
famous  woman.  She  had  a  beautiful  home  with 
a  large  yard.  In  this  yard  she  kept  many  ani- 
mals, that  she  might  watch  them  and  know  how 
to  paint  them. 


80 

She  bought  live  lions  and  tigers  and  wolves  for 
her  yard.  Sometimes  people  were  afraid  to  come 
in  when  they  saw  these  wild  animals. 

But  Rosa  was  not  afraid  of  them.  She  loved 
them  and  made  them  her  pets.  Some  of  them 
were  very  tame  and  learned  to  lie  still  while 
she  painted  pictures  of  them. 


art'ist 

draw'ing 

sheep 

fa'mous 

ti'gers 

li'ons 

wolves 

tame 

some'times 

Seat  Work :  Substitute  for  the  dashes  either  much  or  many  as 
the  sense  requires. 

rain  falls  in  August. 

There  were  trees  in  the  yard. 

She  painted  pictures. 

He  wished  very  to  see  you. 

How  rice  did  you  buy  ? 

How  pounds  do  you  wish  ? 

How  did  it  cost? 

people  came  to  see  the  tigers. 

I  saw  boys  in  the  yard. 

hands  make  easy  work. 


81 


82 

LESSON  36 
THE  TIGER 

In  the  thick  forests  of  India  is  found  an 
animal  called  the  tiger.  It  looks  like  a  large, 
beautiful  cat. 

Its  fur  is  a  deep  yellow  with  dark  lines  in  it. 
It  has  four  soft  paws  just  as  your  kitten  has. 
But  in  these  soft  paws  are  long,  sharp  claws. 
With  them  a  tiger  can  kill  a  man,  a  horse,  or 
even  an  elephant. 

The  people  of  India  are  more  afraid  of  the 
tiger  than  they  are  of  the  big  lion.  Sometimes 
men  can  tame  a  lion,  but  they  cannot  tame  a 
tiger.     It  is  always  fierce  and  cruel. 

The  tiger  is  very  bold.  When  it  is  hungry  it 
will  sometimes  come  into  a  town.  It  will  carry 
off  a  child,  or  perhaps  a  man  or  a  woman. 

fur  tame  paws  claws 

el'e  phant         lines         for'ests 


83 


LESSON  37 


A  NARROW  ESCAPE 

In  some  villages  in  India  it  is  the  custom  after 
the  rice  harvest  to  have  a  great  feast.  The  peo- 
ple sing,  dance,  and  are  happy  because  the  har- 
vest has  come  and  they  have  plenty  of  food. 

During  one  of  these  feasts  a  woman  started  to 
go  to  the  river  to  get  some  water.  She  led  by 
the  hand  her  baby  boy  and  on  her  head  she 
carried  a  large  jar. 

When  she  reached  the  river  the  baby  sat  down 
on  the  bank  and  the  mother  filled  the  jar.     She 


84 

put  it  on  her  head  and  turning  to  the  child  said, 
"  Come,  let  us  go." 

But  before  the  baby  could  rise  the  woman  saw 
through  the  bushes  the  head  of  a  great  tiger.  Its 
eyes  shone,  its  tail  moved  back  and  forth,  and  it 
was  just  ready  to  spring  upon  the  boy. 

The  mother  did  not  scream  or  move.  She  knew 
that  when  she  moved  the  tiger  would  jump. 
She  stood  still  and  looked  at  the  baby  sitting 
with  his  back  to  the  fierce  animal. 

In  a  moment  the  child  turned.  Then  the  tiger 
sprang  at  him.  But  just  as  quickly  the  woman 
seized  the  great  water  jar  on  her  head.  With  all 
her  strength  she  threw  it  in  the  face  of  the  tiger. 

The  jar  struck  him  and  was  broken.  The  sharp 
pieces  of  earthenware  cut  his  head  and  the  water 
filled  his  eyes.  With  a  cry  of  pain  and  anger  he 
sprang  at  the  woman.  His  teeth  fastened  on  her 
shoulder  and  his  sharp  claws  on  her  arm. 

Some  men  who  were  near  by  heard  the  cry  of 
the  tiger.  Seizing  their  big  knives  they  ran  to 
the  river.  There  they  saw  him  dragging  the 
woman  into  the  bushes.     One  of  the  men  sprang 


85 

forward  and  thrust  the  sharp  knife  through  the 
animal's  shoulder  into  his  heart. 

The  tiger  dropped  the  woman  and  in  another 
moment  lay  dead  on  the  grass. 

The  little  boy  has  become  a  man.  On  the  mud 
wall  of  his  house  there  hangs  a  yellow  tiger  skin. 
He  often  shows  this  to  his  friends  and  tells  them 
how  the  bravery  of  his  mother  saved  his  life. 

Then  the  mother,  an  old  woman,  looks  at  the 
big  yellow  skin  and  says :  "  Yes,  but  the  tiger 
did  not  like  his  bath.  By  his  cry  of  anger  he 
saved  my  life  and  lost  his  own." 


villages 

cus'tom 

har'vest 

plen'ty 

bush'es 

scream 

sprang 

strength 

heart 

pain 

an'ger 

fastened 

drag'ging 

thrust 

brav'er  y 

bath 

Seat  Work  :  Write  answers  to  these  questions. 

Why  did  the  woman  go  to  the  river  ? 

When  did  she  first  see  the  tiger  ? 

What  was  he  doing  ? 

What  did  the  woman  do  when  the  tiger  sprang  at  the  child  ? 

Who  saved  the  life  of  the  woman  ? 

Why  did  the  men  come  ? 


86 

LESSON  38 
JUAN  SALCEDO 

You  remember  that  Miguel  Legaspi  landed  in 
Cebii  with  his  soldiers.  He  remained  there  sev- 
eral years.  His  grandson,  Juan  Salcedo,  came 
over  from  Mexico  to  help  him  with  the  work  in 
Cebu. 

Legaspi  had  heard  about  the  island  of  Luzon 
far  away  to  the  north.  He  sent  Juan  Salcedo 
there  to  learn  something  about  it. 

Salcedo  left  Cebu  in  the  summer  of  1570.  He 
sailed  north  till  he  came  to  Manila  Bay.  There 
he  took  his  men  and  went  on  shore.  The  Span- 
ish soldiers  were  large  and  strong;  they  were 
dressed  in  armor  and  carried  guns. 

The  people  in  Manila  had  never  seen  Spaniards 
or  other  Europeans  before.  At  first  they  were 
afraid  of  them  and  their  guns.  But  Salcedo  soon 
made  friends  with  the  Filipinos  and  they  were 
very  kind  to  him. 

Salcedo  and  his  men  traveled  through  a  large 
part  of  Luzon.     He  took  the  country  in  the  name 


87 

of  King  Philip  II  of  Spain.  But  he  let  the  Fili- 
pino princes  rule  just  as  they  had  always  done. 

During  this  time  the  Chinese  pirate  Li-ma-hong 
came  to  the  Philippines.  You  have  read  how 
Salcedo  went  to  Manila  to  join  the  Filipino  and 
Spanish  soldiers  there  and  how  they  made  Li-ma- 
hong  leave  the  country. 

It  was  about  this  time,  too,  that  Legaspi  died, 
leaving  his  work  for  his  grandson  to  finish. 

Salcedo  traveled  through  northern  Luzon,  visit- 
ing many  Filipino  rulers  and  making  them  sub- 
jects of  King  Philip. 

He  died  in  Ilocos  Sur  a  few  years  later.  His 
body  was  taken  to  Manila  and  buried  beside  his 
grandfather,  Legaspi. 

Salcedo  was  a  brave,  wise  man.  He  was  kind 
to  the  Filipinos  and  wished  them  to  be  at  peace 
among  themselves  and  with  Spain. 


remem'ber 

Mex'i  co 

ar'mor 

Spaniards 

Eu  ro  pe'ans 

fin'ish 

bod'y 

bur'ied 

peace 

88 

LESSON  39 
THE  HEART  OF  MARY 

In  many  parts  of  the  Philippine  Islands  grows 
a  beautiful  plant  called  the  Heart  of  Mary. 

It  has  large  leaves  which  are  as  pretty  as  the 
flowers  of  other  plants.  They  are  shaped  like 
a  heart.  In  the  center  of  the  green  leaf  is  a 
smaller  blood-red  heart. 

People  often  put  this  plant  in  a  large  pot  for 
the  window.  But  at  night  it  must  be  placed 
where  it  will  get  the  dew.  Then  in  the  morning 
the  leaves  are  green  and  fresh  and  the  heart  in 
the  center  is  deep  red. 

"  Why  do  you  call  it  the  Heart  of  Mary?" 
Pepita  once  asked.  "  Because  the  blood-red  heart 
makes  us  remember  the  sorrow  of  a  poor  woman 
named  Mary/'  answered  her  mother. 

"  She  had  one  son.  He  was  kind  and  gentle, 
always  wishing  to  do  good  to  some  one  else. 
He  was  very  wise  and  knew  many  things  that 
the  greatest  men  did  not  know. 


89 

"When  he  became  a  man  he  spent  his  time 
in  helping  the  poor  and  the  sick.  He  was  poor 
himself,  but  he  wished  for  nothing  except  to 
make  all  people  kind  and  gentle  and  loving. 

"  In  the  country  where  he  lived  there  were 
many  wicked  men.  When  they  saw  how  the 
people  followed  the  poor  woman's  son,  loved 
him,  and  learned  from  him,  they  were  angry. 

"  'The  people  will  make  this  man  king/  they 
said  among  themselves.  So  they  took  the  son 
of  the  poor  woman  and  put  him  to  death. 

"When  he  died  the  heart  of  his  mother  was 
almost  broken.  She  wept  and  was  very  sad. 
When  those  who  had  loved  and  followed  her 
son  saw  her  in  her  sadness  they  said,  '  Poor 
Mary,  her  heart  is  bleeding  for  her  son.  It  is 
like  the  blood-red  heart  of  our  beautiful  plant.' 

"And  from  that  day  the  people  who  loved  the 
son  of  the  sorrowing  mother  called  this  plant 
the  Heart  of  Mary." 

blood-red  cen'ter         wept         sad'ness 

sorrowing         fresh  pot  fol'lowed 


90 


LESSON  40 


A  VALENTINE 


Pepita  and  her  teacher,  Miss  Crowell,  were 
walking  home  from  school  one  day.  They 
stopped  to  look  at  the  flowers  in  a  garden. 


91 

There,  growing  in  the  shade  of  a  tree,  they 
saw  a  beautiful  Heart  of  Mary.  "  I  like  that  the 
best  of  all  the  plants  here,"  said  Miss  Crowell. 
"  I  like  to  look  at  it  and  remember  why  it  has 
such  a  pretty  name." 

"  Mother,"  said  Pepita  when  she  went  home, 
"  Miss  Crowell  likes  the  Heart  of  Mary  the  best 
of  all  our  plants.  I  should  like  to  give  her  one 
for  a  Christmas  present.  Don't  you  think  Aunt 
Miguela  would  give  me  a  bunch  of  roots  from 
her  garden?  I  would  put  it  in  a  big  jar.  By 
Christmas  it  would  be  large  and  fine." 

"  Yes,  I  am  sure  Aunt  Miguela  would  give  you 
a  bunch  of  roots,"  replied  her  mother.  "  Go  and 
ask  her  while  I  get  the  jar  ready." 

Soon  Pepita  had  a  nice  little  plant  growing  in 
the  jar.  She  kept  it  upstairs  during  the  day, 
but  at  night  she  put  it  on  the  ground  to  get  the 
fresh  air  and  the  dew. 

At  last  the  day  before  Christmas  came.  When 
Pepita  took  the  plant  downstairs  that  evening 
her  mother  said:  "Yes,  Pepita,  your  plant  is  a 
beautiful  one.     I  have  never  seen  a  finer  Heart 


92 

of  Mary.  I  know  that  Miss  Crowell  will  like 
it.  Be  sure  to  put  it  where  it  will  get  plenty 
of  dew." 

Early  the  next  morning  Pepita  ran  downstairs 
to  get  her  plant.  But  when  she  saw  it  she  could 
hardly  believe  her  eyes.  Only  one  or  two  broken 
leaves  were  left.  The  others  had  been  bitten 
off  close  to  the  earth  in  the  pot.  Beside  the 
jar  lay  a  big  goat  resting  after  his  breakfast. 

Poor  little  Pepita  was  almost  heartbroken; 
but  she  did  not  strike  the  goat.  She  sat  down 
beside  him  and  began  to  cry. 

"Why,  Pepita,  what  is  the  matter?"  she 
heard  some  one  say.  "  Are  you  crying  on  Christ- 
mas morning?"  It  was  Miss  Crowell,  who  was 
out  for  a  morning  walk. 

"0  Miss  Crowell!"  cried  Pepita;  "come  and 
see.  I  had  such  a  beautiful  Heart  of  Mary  to 
give  you  this  morning.  And  now  this  wicked 
goat  has  eaten  it." 

"Well,  well,"  said  Miss  Crowell,  laughing, 
"  that  is  too  bad.  But  the  poor  goat  wanted  a 
Christmas  breakfast.    Don't  cry ;  come  and  take 


93 

a  walk  with  me.  Perhaps  we  can  get  another 
Heart  of  Mary  some  day." 

Miss  Crowell  had  often  told  the  boys  and  girls 
about  Valentine's  Day.  "  In  America  on  the  four- 
teenth of  February  we  send  pretty  valentines  to 
our  friends/7  she  said.  "They  are  made  of  paper 
or  lace  and  ribbon,  with  pictures  on  them.  Some- 
times they  are  shaped  like  a  heart.  This  is  to 
show  that  we  send  a  heart  full  of  love  to  our 
friends. " 

On  the  fourteenth  of  February,  very  early  in 
the  morning,  Miss  Crowell  heard  a  knock  at  her 
door.  When  she  opened  the  door  she  saw  no 
one.  But  there  was  a  beautiful  Heart  of  Mary 
growing  in  a  large  jar.  To  one  leaf  was  tied  a 
small  piece  of  paper.  On  the  paper  was  written : 
"  A  valentine  to  Miss  Crowell.  With  a  heart 
full  of  love  from  Pepita." 

val'entine  plen'ty  bunch  rib'bon 

break'fast  knock  roots  mat'ter 

upstairs'  shade  lace  believe' 

Christ'mas        down'stairs        heart'brok  en 


94 


95 


LESSON  41 


PEARL  FISHING 

The  Indian  and  South  Pacific  oceans  and 
many  warm  seas  produce  an  oyster  called  the 
pearl  oyster. 

It  has  a  small  gray  shell  with  rough  edges. 
When  the  shell  is  opened  there  is  sometimes 
found  a  pretty  pearl. 

All  oysters  of  this  kind  do  not  have  pearls. 
It  is  only  in  those  that  are  sick  or  have  been 
hurt  in  some  way  that  they  are  found.  Pearls 
have  been  called  the  tears  of  the  oyster. 

Do  you  know  how  oysters  are  taken  from  the 
bottom  of  the  sea  ?  Two  men  row  out  from  the 
shore  in  a  small  boat.  Around  the  body  of  one 
is  tied  a  strong  rope.  To  the  rope  is  fastened  a 
basket.     The  man  carries  a  strong  stick  with  a 


96 

sharp  point  at  one  end.  Sometimes  a  shark  or 
some  other  large  fish  attacks  him.  Then  he 
needs  the  stick  to  fight  with. 

The  man  dives  from  the  side  of  the  boat  to  the 
bottom  of  the  sea.  He  quickly  gathers  some 
oysters  and  puts  them  in  his  basket.  He  can 
stay  under  the  water  only  a  very  short  time.  He 
must  go  to  the  surface  to  breathe. 

The  man  in  the  boat  pulls  the  rope  and  draws 
him  up.  While  the  first  diver  rests  the  other 
goes  down  into  the  sea  and  brings  up  more 
oysters. 

In  this  way  they  work  many  hours.  When 
they  are  too  tired  to  dive  any  more  they  row  to 
the  shore.  They  sell  the  oysters  to  men  who 
open  them  and  hunt  for  the  pearls. 

Fine  pearls  are  found  in  the  seas  about  Jolo 
and  other  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  In  some 
places  both  men  and  women  dive  for  them. 

sur'face         oys'ter         pearl         pro  duce' 
dive  div'er  tears         bot'tom 

at  tacks'  breathe  shark 


97 


LESSON  42 


DEEP-SEA  DIVERS 

In  America  and  in  some  European  countries 
there  are  men  whose  business  it  is  to  dive. 
They  do  not  dive  for  pearls.  They  go  to  the 
bottom  of  the  sea  to  look  for  ships  that  have 
sunk,  or  to  study  plants  and  animals  that  live 
in  the  water. 


98 

These  men  are  dressed  in  suits  of .  rubber. 
These  suits  cover  the  whole  body  and  the  head. 
They  have  two  glass  eyes,  like  little  windows,  so 
that  the  men  can  see. 

Such  divers  have  long  rubber  tubes  which 
reach  to  the  top  of  the  water.  Through  these 
they  get  air  to  breathe.  When  they  have  worked 
a  while  on  the  bottom  of  the  sea  and  are  tired, 
the  men  above  pull  them  up  to  the  boat.  Here 
they  rest  for  a  short  time  and  then  descend  again. 

The  men  who  dive  in  this  way  carry  hatchets 
or  strong  knives.  With  these  they  can  protect 
themselves  from  any  sea  animals  that  may 
attack  them. 

Diving  is  very  dangerous  and  every  year  many 
men  who  follow  this  business  are  killed.  But 
the  divers  like  the  work.  They  find  wonderful 
things  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea.  They  see  strange 
fish  and  shells  and  delicate  sea  flowers. 

busi'ness         Eu  ro  pe'an         rub'ber        de  scend' 

hatch'et  del'i  cate  tube  pro  tect' 

dan'ger  ous  won'der  f  ul 


99 


LESSON  43 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lessons  J/.1  and  Jfi 

Describe  the  pearl  oyster  and  tell  where  it 
is  found. 

What  are  pearls  sometimes  called?     Why? 

How  do  men  dive  for  pearl  oysters? 

Near  what  islands  in  the  Philippines  are 
pearls  found? 

How  do  European  sea  divers  dress? 

Why  do  they  dive? 

Why  do  they  carry  a  hatchet  or  a  knife? 

Name  some  of  the  things  a  diver  sees  on  the 
bottom  of  the  ocean. 

From  the  following  adjectives  form  adverbs. 

wonderful        dangerous        strange        delicate        fine 
quick  pretty  strong  short  rough 

Define  these  words, 
bottom  rubber  breathe  hatchet  gather 

valley  dive  produce  tears  fasten 

Note  :  See  note,  Lesson  17. 


100 

LESSON  44 
THE  BIRD'S  STORY 

I  built  me  a  nest 

In  the  old  oak  tree, 
As  pretty  a  nest 

As  ever  could  be. 

One  day  as  I  sang 

To  my  birdies  three 
A  little  brown  squirrel 

Ran  up  in  the  tree. 

I  thought  he  was  coming 
Straight  up  to  the  bough  — 

It  makes  my  heart  tremble 
To  think  of  it  now. 

I  flew  like  an  eagle 

Right  down  through  the  air 
And  soon  he  was  running 

I  cannot  tell  where. 


101 

LESSON  45 
A  LETTER 

DtTMAGUETE,    P.I., 

February  20,  1904. 
Dear  Fortunate:  ;  :>:r  . 

I  am  writing  you  this  letter/  to  tell !,yo,u  that 
I  am  going  to  Iloilo  when  school  closes/*'   '-; 

You  know  that  my  Uncle  Fernando  is  a  mer- 
chant there.  He  buys  and  sells  sugar,  hemp, 
and  many  other  things.  He  wishes  some  one 
who  can  speak  English  to  help  him. 

I  had  a  letter  from  my  uncle  last  week  asking 
me  to  come.  Father  says  that  I  may  go,  and 
I  am  very  glad.  You  know  Iloilo  is  a  large 
town  and  there  are  many  Americans  there.  I 
think  I  can  learn  to  speak  English  very  well 
when  I  have  to  use  it  every  day. 

Yesterday  was  my  birthday.  I  was  eighteen 
years  old.  I  think  I  am  old  enough  to  go  into 
business. 

Uncle  Fernando  says  that  if  I  do  well  he 
will  give  me  a  part  of  his  business  when  I  am 


102 

twenty-one.  You  know  he  has  no  sons  of  his 
own,  and  he  is  getting  old. 

What  will  you  do  this  summer?  Perhaps  you 
can  come  down  to  Iloilo  to  visit  us.  There  is 
a  boat  from  Manila  every  week. 

Uncle  Fernando  would  let  you  go  back  on 
one  of  the  boats  that  carry  sugar  and  hemp. 
Of  course  iloilo  is  not  so  large  as  Manila,  but 
I  think  you  would  like  it. 

My  address  in  Iloilo  will  be  147  San  Pedro 
Street.     Write  to  me  soon. 

Your  sincere  friend, 

Constancio  Fernandez. 


Seat  Work :  Write  answers  to  the  following  questions. 

Who  was  Juan  Salcedo  ? 

Why  did  he  go  to  Luzon  ? 

What  did  he  do  when  he  reached  Manila  Bay  ? 

Why  did  he  return  to  Manila  from  northern  Luzdn  ? 

Where  did  he  die  and  where  was  he  buried  ? 


103 

LESSON  46 
THE  DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA  — I 

Men  have  not  always  known  how  to  travel 
around  the  world  as  they  do  now. 

They  used  to  think  that  the  earth  was  flat 
and  that  the  ocean  was  a  long,  wide  river  flow- 
ing about  it.  They  were  afraid  of  this  wide 
river,  and  said  that  if  men  sailed  far  out  upon 
it  they  could  never  return. 

After  a  while  a  few  wise  men  began  to  say 
that  the  earth  was  not  flat,  but  round  like  a  ball ; 
that  a  ship  could  sail  around  it,  returning  to  the 
place  from  which  it  had  started. 

There  lived  at  that  time  a  brave  Italian  sailor 
named  Christopher  Columbus.  He  was  a  wise 
man  and  had  made  many  journeys  on  the  sea. 

"  I  am  not  afraid  of  this  big  ocean,"  he  declared. 
"  I  can  find  the  country  that  lies  beyond  it." 

But  Columbus  was  a  poor  man.  He  had  no 
money  with  which  to  buy  boats  and  food  for  so 
long  a  voyage.  He  went  to  several  countries 
asking   kings   and  rich  men  to  help  him;  but 


104 


105 

they  only  laughed  at  him.     Some  said  that  he 
was  crazy. 

At  last  he  went  to  Queen  Isabella  of  Spain. 
He  told  her  what  he  wished  to  do  and  what  he 
needed.  The  good  queen  said :  "  This  man  may 
be  right.  He  is  not  crazy.  I  will  give  him  boats 
and  sailors  and  buy  food  for  the  journey. " 

DISCOVERY  OF  AMERICA  — II 

One  bright  morning  Columbus  started  west 
across  the  ocean  with  three  boats  and  three 
hundred  sailors.  Many  people  said,  "We  shall 
never  see  the  boats  or  the  men  again." 

The  boats  were  small  and  did  not  go  very  fast. 
For  many  weeks  they  sailed,  yet  they  did  not 
find  the  country  for  which  they  were  looking. 

The  sailors  were  afraid.  "  The  people  were 
right,"  they  said  among  themselves,  "Columbus 
is  crazy.  We  shall  never  reach  land.  Let  us 
throw  him  into  the  sea  and  return  to  Spain." 

But  that  very  day  they  began  to  find  signs  of 
land.     They  saw  birds,  branches  of  trees  floating 


106 

on  the  water,  and  a  stick  that  had  been  cut  with 
a  knife.  After  a  time  a  sailor  cried  from  the  top 
of  one  of  the  ships,  "Land!  land!"  And  there 
far  out  in  the  ocean  could  be  seen  a  long  blue 
stretch  of  land. 

Columbus  and  his  men  now  sailed  joyfully  on 
until  they  reached  the  new  country.  Then  they 
went  on  shore  and  set  up  the  flag  of  Spain. 
They  saw  strange  fruits  and  flowers,  and  tall  men 
with  dark  skins. 

Columbus  had  discovered  islands  lying  very 
near  the  coast  of  the  great  country  now  called 
America. 

He  returned  to  Spain  and  told  Queen  Isabella 
of  the  beauty  and  riches  of  this  new  land.  The 
queen  and  her  people  were  very  much  pleased. 
They  honored  Columbus  as  the  greatest  man  in 
all  Spain. 

flow'ing         return'         world  earth 

jour'ney        voy'age         be  yond'        cra'zy 
right  floating        stretch  beau'ty 

dis  cov'ered         hon'ored         reached 


107 


LESSON  47 


THE  FIRST  STEAMBOAT 

For  several 
hundred  years 
after  Columbus 
had  discovered 
America  men 
still  crossed  the 
ocean  in  sailing 
vessels.  But 
these  boats 
were  slow.  It 
took  them 
almost  two 
months  to  make  the  voyage.  They  were  often 
wrecked  in  storms,  also,  and  many  lives  were 
lost. 

An  American,  Robert  Fulton,  had  long  been 
studying  how  to  build  a  different  kind  of  boat 
that  could  be  moved  by  steam. 

When  he  was  quite  sure  he  could  do  this  he 
said  to  the  world:  "I  am  building  a  fast  boat. 


y 


108 

It  has  no  sails.  It  has  a  large  engine  and  will 
be  moved  by  steam.77 

Men  laughed  at  him  just  as  they  had  at 
Columbus,  and  said  that  he,  too,  was  crazy. 
"  You  and  your  boat  will  go  to  the  bottom  of 
the  sea,  if  you  ever  try  it,"  they  said. 

Not  long  afterwards  Fulton  did  try  his  boat. 
Most  people  were  afraid  to  go  on  it.  A  few  men 
went  with  him,  and  they  steamed  up  the  Hudson 
River  in  the  state  of  New  York. 

Then  people  were  ready  to  believe  in  the  steam- 
boat. Many  others  much  larger  and  finer  were 
built. 

To-day  steamships  can  cross  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
in  less  than  six  days.  They  are  made  of  steel 
and  are  so  strong  that  a  storm  very  seldom  hurts 
them  at  all. 

They  have  many  rooms,  beautiful  furniture, 
and  wide  decks.  People  can  be  just  as  comfort- 
able and  safe  in  these  boats  as  they  are  at  home. 


slow 

wrecked 

en'gine            differ  ent 

steam 

decks 

sel'dom            fur'ni  ture 

com'fort  a  ble 

af t'er  wards 

109 

LESSON  48 
FROM  MANILA  TO  SAN  FRANCISCO 

Should  you  like  to  travel  in  a  steamboat  from 
Manila  to  San  Francisco,  a  great  city  in  America? 

We  can  start  from  Manila  some  morning  at  ten 
o'clock.  Each  of  us  has  a  pretty  little  bedroom 
to  sleep  in.  But  the  day  is  warm  and  we  sit  on 
the  deck  in  long  steamer  chairs. 

Soon  the  whistle  blows  and  we  know  we  are 
starting  across  the  China  Sea  to  Hongkong. 
This  part  of  the  trip  is  short.  In  two  days  we 
are  at  Hongkong. 

This  island  does  not  belong  to  China.  It  is 
owned  by  England.  Many  Englishmen  live  there 
and  have  line  houses  and  buildings  of  all  kinds. 

Most  of  the  people,  however,  are  Chinese,  and 
we  are  interested  in  watching  them  during  the 
one  day  we  spend  in  Hongkong. 

After  leaving  this  island  we  sail  north,  stop- 
ping first  at  Nagasaki,  Japan.  We  have  not 
seen  many  Japanese  before  and  they  look  very 
strange  to  us. 


110 

We  ride  about  the  clean  streets  in  a  little  carriage 
drawn  by  a  man.  Everywhere  are  flowers,  men 
and  women  walking  about  in  high  wooden  shoes, 
and  babies  tied  to  the  backs  of  their  little  sisters. 

We  wish  we  could  stay  here  longer  and  see 
more  of  the  people.  But  our  boat  leaves  in  a 
few  hours,  going  up  through  the  beautiful  Inland 
Sea  to  Kobe,  Japan. 

From  Kobe  we  return  again  to  the  open  sea 
and  in  another  day  reach  Yokohama. 

Yokohama  is  one  of  the  most  important  cities 
in  Japan.  Here  almost  all  the  ships  stop,  going 
to  and  returning  from  America.  Our  boat  carries 
mail  for  America  and  can  stay  only  a  short  time. 

In  a  few  hours  we  are  starting  on  our  long  voy- 
age across  the  Pacific.  We  shall  not  see  land 
again  for  almost  two  weeks  and  we  are  sorry  to 
say  good-bye  to  Yokohama. 

Day  after  day  we  sail  on  the  great  ocean.  We 
see  no  land,  no  birds,  and  very  seldom  a  ship. 
There  is  nothing  anywhere  except  sea  and  sky. 

After  twelve  days  we  reach  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  and  rest  in  the  harbor  of  Honolulu.     The 


Ill 

native  people  here  are  small  and  brown.  These 
islands  belong  to  the  United  States  and  every- 
where we  see  Americans  and  the  American  flag. 

Honolulu  is  a  beautiful  city,  filled  with  palm 
trees  and  flowers  of  many  kinds.  But  we  are 
willing  to  leave  it,  for  we  know  that  the  next 
port  at  which  we  stop  will  be  San  Francisco. 

We  have  all  studied  the  map  and  know  just 
where  San  Francisco  is.  We  know,  too,  where  we 
shall  travel  in  America  and  what  we  shall  see. 

On  the  morning  of  the  seventh  day  from  Hono- 
lulu we  rise  very  early.  We  go  on  deck  and  see 
points  of  land  which  they  tell  us  form  the  harbor 
of  San  Francisco. 

A  few  hours  later  we  enter  the  bay,  glad  to  be 
in  America  and  at  the  end  of  our  month's  voyage. 


o'clock' 

bed'room 

steam'er 

whis'tle 

blows 

build'ings 

owned 

in'ter  est 

lat'er 

im  por'tant 

mail 

na'tive 

map 

carriage 

points 

form 

112 

LESSON  49 
CARMEN'S  BIRTHDAY  PRESENT 

"  Carmen,"  said  her  grandmother  one  day, 
"  come  to  my  house  to-morrow  morning  and  I  will 
give  you  your  birthday  present." 

"  0  grandmother !  "  cried  Carmen  ;  "  give  it  to 
me  now.     I  can't  wait  until  to-morrow." 

"Thirteen  years  old  and  can't  wait  until  to- 
morrow," said  her  grandmother,  laughing.  "  You 
must  learn  to  be  patient." 

Very  early  the  next  morning  Carmen  went  to 
her  grandmother's.  "  I  have  come  to  eat  break- 
fast with  you  and  get  my  present,"  she  said. 

"Yes,  you  may  have  it  now,"  answered  her 
grandmother.  Taking  her  keys,  she  went  to  a 
large  wooden  chest  where  she  kept  her  dresses. 
She  unlocked  the  chest,  took  out  a  small  roll  of 
white  cotton,  and  gave  it  to  her  granddaughter. 

Carmen's  fingers  trembled  as  she  unrolled  the 
cotton.  Then  she  gave  a  cry  of  joy.  There  lay 
a  pretty  gold  ring  set  with  a  large  pearl. 


113 

"  0  grandmother!"  cried  Carmen;  "  what  a 
beautiful  ring  !     Where  did  you  get  it  ?  " 

"That  ring  has  a  story,"  replied  her  grand- 
mother. "  I  wilj  tell  it  to  you  while  we  are  eat- 
ing our  breakfast." 

So  Carmen  sat  down  at  once  and  her  grand- 
mother began  the  story. 


"  Many  years  before  you  were  born  your  grand- 
father and  I  lived  in  a  small  town  on  the  island 
of  Jolo.  It  was  a  lonely  place  and  we  seldom 
saw  any  strangers. 

"  In  the  sea  about  Jolo  are  many  islands.  The 
coasts  are  rough  and  dangerous  and  sometimes 
fishing  or  sailing  boats  are  wrecked  there. 


114 

"One  October  there  came  a  great  storm.  A 
heavy  rain  fell,  the  wind  blew,  and  big  waves 
dashed  up  on  the  shore.  For  three  or  four  days 
we  could  not  leave  the  house. 

"  On  Sunday  a  man  came  running  to  tell  us 
that  a  sailing  boat  had  been  driven  on  the  shore. 

'  'Your  grandfather  and  I  hurried  down  to  the 
beach.  There  we  saw  a  large  boat,  its  sails  gone, 
its  masts  broken,  and  the  water  flowing  through 
a  hole  in  one  side. 

"  It  belonged  to  an  Englishman  who  was  going 
from  Iloilo  to  Java  to  buy  coffee.  He  had  his 
wife  with  him.  She  did  not  look  like  any  woman 
I  had  ever  seen  before.  She  was  tall,  with  fair 
skin  and  pink  cheeks.  Her  hair  was  the  color  of 
gold  and  her  eyes  were  blue. 

"  The  rain  had  stopped,  and  the  men  began  at 
once  to  help  the  Englishman  mend  his  boat. 

" '  You  must  take  the  lady  home  with  you/ 
said  your  grandfather  to  me ;  <  she  is  tired  and 
frightened.7 

"  So  we  went  back  to  the  house  together  and 
she  stayed  with  me  almost  a  week.     I  could  not 


115 

talk  to  her  except  by  signs,  but  sometimes  one  of 
the  sailors  came  home  with  my  husband.  He 
understood  English,  and  through  him  she  told  me 
about  Iloilo  and  of  her  home  in  England. 

"  When  the  boat  was  mended  and  they  were 
ready  to  go,  her  husband  and  several  sailors  came 
to  say  good-bye. 

"  One  of  the  men  told  me  for  the  lady  that  she 
thanked  me  for  my  kindness  and  wished  me  to 
remember  her.  Then  she  took  this  ring  from  her 
finger  and  gave  it  to  me,  telling  me  to  wear  it. 
But  it  was  too  fine  for  my  wrinkled,  hard-working 
hands.     I  saved  it  for  you. 

"And  when  you  wear  it,"  concluded  the  grand- 
mother, "remember  that  I  wish  you  to  be  as 
quiet  and  gentle  as  was  the  pretty  English  lady 
who  gave  it  to  me." 


pa'tient  cot'ton 

un  der  stood'    beach 
coasts  coffee 

mend  wrin'kled 

con  clud'ed 


stran'gers  Ja'va 

un  rolled'  born 

un  locked'  keys 

hus'band  chest 
fright'ened 


116 


LESSON  50 


'    "                   i 

•                 inrni 

-    -    - ■  ~ 

TEA  — I 

Many  Filipino  girls  and  boys  like  tea.  Do  you 
know  where  tea  comes  from  and  how  it  is  raised  ? 

If  you  were  to  travel  in  China  or  Japan,  you 
would  see  fields  of  tea  called  tea  gardens.  The 
plants  grow  in  long  rows  across  the  field.  Between 
the  rows  is  room  enough  for  a  man  to  walk. 

The  tea  plant  is  from  three  to  five  feet  high. 
It  is  thickly  covered  with  small  green  leaves. 
These  leaves  are  picked  three  times  a  year;  but 
the  first  picking  sells  for  the  highest  price. 


117 

Girls  and  women  pick  most  of  the  tea.  Their 
hands  are  small  and  they  can  do  the  work 
quickly.  They  walk  through  the  long  rows  in 
the  field,  each  carrying  a  basket.  They  pull 
off  the  bright  green  *  leaves,  leaving  the  old  ones 
on  the  bushes. 

When  the  baskets  are  full  they  take  them  out 
of  the  field  to  the  men.  The  men  carefully 
spread  the  leaves  in  the  sun  to  dry.  When  dry 
they  are  steamed  and  afterwards  dried  again. 

The  tea  that  is  to  be  sent  to  other  countries 
is  carried  into  the  town  by  men.  Here  it  is 
heated  in  an  oven.  Then  it  is  put  in  large  jars, 
and  women  rub  it  with  their  hands.  This  curls 
the  leaves  as  you  see  them. 

After  this  the  tea  is  packed  in  large  boxes 
and  is  ready  to  be  sent  all  over  the  world. 

Some  of  the  tea  that  is  raised  in  Japan  is  very 
fine.     It  sells  for  eight  and  ten  dollars  a  pound. 


tea                  raised 

rows                 thickly 

picked           pound 

steamed           heat'ed 

ov'ens               pri 

ce                    curls 

118 


TEA  — II 


The  Chinese  and  Japanese  seldom  drink  water. 
When  they  are  thirsty  they  take  a  cup  of  tea. 
But  their  cups  are  not  so  large  as  yours. 

The  Japanese  have  pretty  blue  teapots  and 
tiny  cups.  They  use  a  little  table  that  is  less 
than  a  foot  high. 

Each  person  has  a  table  on  which  he  sets  his 
teapot  and  cup.  He  likes  his  tea  very  hot  and 
drinks  it  with  a  loud  breathing  sound.  We 
should  think  this  very  impolite.  But  a  Japanese 
says  it  is  a  polite  way  of  showing  that  he  likes 
his  tea. 

The  people  in  Japan  often  pour  tea  over  their 
rice.  They  also  cook  the  leaves  with  some  kinds 
of  meat.  So  you  see  tea  is  both  a  food  and  a 
drink  for  them. 

pour  thirst'y  tea'pot 

ti'ny  breath'ing  sound 

po  lite'  im  po  lite' 


119 

LESSON  51 
THE  BOSTON  TEA  PARTY 

Did  you  ever  hear  about  the  tea  party  which 
some  Americans  once  gave  to  King  George  of 
England  ? 

It  was  many,  many  years  ago,  before  America 
was  a  free  country.  There  were  then  only  thir- 
teen colonies,  or  states,  and  they  were  not  rich 
and  powerful  as  is  the  United  States  of  to-day. 
But  the  people  were  brave  and  strong  and  they 
were  not  willing  to  live  under  unjust  laws. 

The  king  of  England  ruled  these  colonies.  He 
was  not  just  or  wise.  He  cared  nothing  for  the 
colonies  except  to  get  money  from  them. 

Everything  that  came  to  America  from  another 
country  was  taxed.  The  Americans  had  to  pay 
money  to  England  when  they  bought  these  things. 

This  was  unjust  and  it  made  the  people  of  the 
colonies  very  angry. 

At  last  the  king  put  a  high  tax  on  tea.  The 
Americans  said :  "  We  will  not  pay  this  tax. 
It  is  not  right.     We  will  not  drink  any  more  tea." 


120 


121 

Soon  a  large  ship  loaded  with  tea  came  into 
the  harbor  at  Boston,  Massachusetts.  The  people 
wished  to  buy  it,  but  they  would  not  pay  the  tax. 

One  night  a  party  of  men  from  Boston  dressed 
themselves  like  Indians.  They  stained  their 
faces  brown  and  painted  red  spots  on  their  cheeks. 
In  their  hair  they  put  feathers,  and  they  carried 
strong  hatchets  in  their  hands. 

When  it  was  quite  dark  they  hurried  down  to 
the  harbor.  They  went  on  board  the  ship,  took 
all  the  tea,  and  threw  it  into  the  bay. 

Then  they  returned  to  their  homes  and  went 
to  sleep  as  if  nothing  had  happened. 

The  next  morning  all  Boston  was  excited. 
The  people  laughed  and  talked  over  the  night's 
work.  "  We  have  given  King  George  a  nice  tea 
party/7  they  said.  "  Perhaps  he  will  not  send 
us  another  shipload  of  tea." 


par'ty 

col'o  nies 

states 

pow'er  f  u 

un  just' 

laws 

tax 

feath'ers 

load'ed 

stained 

taxed 

hatch'ets 

hur'ried 

board 

122 

LESSON  52 
THE  MALAY  SETTLERS 

If  you  look  at  the  map  of  Asia,  you  will  find 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  continent  a  narrow 
point  of  land  called  the  Malay  Peninsula. 

The  men  who  live  in  this  peninsula  have 
always  liked  to  travel  by  sea  and  visit  strange 
countries.  They  are  good  sailors  and  safely  make 
long,  dangerous  journeys  in  their  small  boats. 

Many  hundreds  of  years  ago  Malay  sailors  came 
to  the  Philippine  Islands.  They  settled  here,  and 
after  a  time  were  stronger  than  the  other  people 
in  the  country.  They  drove  the  native  Filipinos 
into  the  mountains,  and  took  for  themselves  the 
rich  valleys  and  the  seacoast. 

Most  of  the  Filipinos  of  to-day  have  descended 
from  these  early  Malay  settlers. 

In  time  tribes  sprang  up.  They  began  to  fight 
with  one  another,  to  live  apart,  and  to  have  their 
own  rulers.  After  many  years  these  tribes  had 
different  customs,  spoke  different  languages,  and 
had  comparatively  little  to  do  with  each  other. 


123 

In  this  way  have  been  formed  the  thirty  or 
more  large  tribes  which  are  found  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands. 

This  has  been  a  bad  thing  for  the  Filipinos. 
If  a  country  is  to  be  great,  all  the  people  must  be 
friends,  must  work  together,  and  must  speak  the 
same  language. 

Many  of  the  Filipinos  are  beginning  to  believe 
this.  They  wish  to  be  under  one  government  and 
to  have  one  language  which  all  can  speak  and 
understand.  When  this  has  been  really  accom- 
plished the  Philippine  Islands  will  become  a  great 
country,  and  the  Filipinos  an  intelligent  and  pro- 
gressive people. 


A'sia 

Ma  lay' 

pen  in'su  la 

set'tled 

be  gin'ning 

con'ti  nent 

differ  ent 

tribes 

a  part' 

language 

gov'ern  ment 

in  tel'li  gent 

com  par'a 

tive  ly               ac  com'plished 

124 

LESSON  53 
TWO  BRAVE  GENERALS 

Pepita's  teacher,  Miss  Crowell,  often  talks  to 
the  girls  and  boys  about  kindness  to  animals. 

"  No  brave  boy  ever  wishes  to  hurt  a  bird  or 
any  harmless  animal,"  she  says.  "It  is  cowardly 
to  hurt  anything  that  is  helpless  or  weaker  than 
ourselves. 

"  I  will  tell  you  a  story  about  two  brave  gen- 
erals," she  said  one  day.  "Then  you  can  see 
that  a  great  man  is  not  ashamed  to  be  kind,  even 
to  the  smallest  creature. 

"  An  American  general  named  Custer  was  once 
riding  through  a  large  field.  A  body  of  soldiers, 
also  on  horseback,  followed  him. 

"  On  the  ground  before  him  General  Custer 
saw  a  bird's  nest  with  little  birds  in  it.  Quickly 
he  turned  his  horse  to  one  side. 

"That  meant  that  each  soldier  must  do  the 
same  thing.  Every  man  turned  his  horse  a  little 
to  the  right,  wondering  why  the  general  had 
changed  the  line  of  march. 


125 


"  What  was  their  surprise  to  see  a  little  bird's 
nest  in  the  path  they  had  left !     General  Custer's 


pity  for  four  little  birds  had  changed  the  course 
of  an  army ! 

"  The  other  story  is  also  about  a  general  and 
birds/'  Miss  Crowell  went  on. 

"  A  great  battle  was  once  being  fought  in  Amer- 
ica. General  Lee  was  commanding  one  of  the 
large  armies. 


126 

14  Guns  and  cannon  were  being  fired  on  all 
sides  and  every  man's  life  was  in  danger.  The 
soldiers  were  surprised  to  see  General  Lee  turn 
from  his  men,  walk  to  a  tree,  and  pull  down 
one  of  the  branches. 

"  He  had  seen  a  nest  with  eggs  in  it  on  that 
branch.  The  mother  bird  was  frightened  by  the 
noise  of  the  guns.  She  flew  about,  not  knowing 
how  to  save  her  nest  and  eggs. 

"  General  Lee  found  a  safe  place  for  the  nest 
and  moved  it.  He  saw  the  little  bird  fly  to  it 
again.     Then  he  returned  to  the  battle. 

"These  are  true  stories,"  said  Miss  Crowell. 
"Whenever  you  see  any  living  creature  hurt  or 
in  trouble,  I  want  you  to  remember  what  I  have 
told  you  about  these  two  brave  men.  Then  I  think 
you  will  wish  to  be  kind,  just  as  they  were.77 


cow'ard  ly 

march 

crea'ture 

won'der  ing 

gen'er  als 

meant 

path 

our  selves' 

horse'back 

bat'tle 

pit'y 

a  shamed' 

sur  prised' 

noise 

line 

help'less 

com 

mand'ing 

127 


128 

LESSON   54 
MAGELLAN  AND  HIS  DISCOVERIES  —  I 

After  Columbus  discovered  America  in  1492, 
brave  seamen  from  all  Europe  wished  to  travel 
over  new  seas  and  visit  new  countries.  You 
have  read  about  one  of  these  seamen,  Ferdinand 
Magellan,  and  know  what  he  discovered. 

When  Magellan  sailed  from  Spain  in  1519  he 
wished  to  find  a  passage  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
to  the  great  sea  that  was  known  to  lie  on  the 
other  side  of  the  newly  discovered  country.  He 
set  out  joyfully  with  several  ships.  After  some 
months  of  good  sailing  they  reached  the  eastern 
coast  of  the  South  American  continent.  They 
then  went  south  looking  everywhere  for  a  pas- 
sage leading  to  the  sea  beyond. 

But  nowhere  could  they  find  an  opening  in 
the  great  body  of  land.  The  sailors  became  dis- 
couraged. Heavy  storms  arose.  One  ship  was 
wrecked;  another  left  the  party  and  went  away. 

Magellan  himself  was  not  discouraged.  "  We 
shall  find  the  passage  yet,"  he  said. 


129 

So  he  sailed  on  and  on.  More  than  a  year 
had  passed.  At  last  in  October,  1520,  he  found 
an  opening  in  the  narrow  point  of  land  at  the 
end  of  the  South  American  continent. 

"  Perhaps  this  is  our  passage  to  the  great  sea," 
said  Magellan.  "  We  will  try  it."  For  almost 
a  month  he  sailed  on  this  unknown  water.  At 
last  with  his  men  he  passed  out  into  a  broad, 
beautiful  sea.  The  water  was  so  quiet  and 
smooth  that  Magellan  called  it  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  that  name  it  has  to  this  day.  As  you  know, 
the  passage  between  the  two  oceans  is  called 
the  Straits  of  Magellan. 

MAGELLAN  AND  HIS  DISCO VEKIES  —  II 

A  long  journey  across  the  Pacific  Ocean  now  lay 
before  them.  The  first  land  they  reached  was  the 
group  of  islands  since  called  the  Ladrone  Islands. 

They  did  not  stay  here  long,  but  sailed  on 
toward  the  west  until  they  reached  the  Philip- 
pines. Magellan  stopped  for  a  short  time  at 
several  of  the  small  southern  islands. 


130 

Here  the  natives  told  him  of  a  large,  rich 
island  further  north,  called  Cebu.  This  Magellan 
reached  in  April,  1521. 

The  people  of  Cebu  were  not  friendly  to  the 
Spaniards  at  first.  But  Magellan  after  a  time 
made  friends  with  them,  and  they  became  sub- 
jects of  the  king  of  Spain. 

At  this  time  there  was  war  between  Cebu  and 
a  smaller  island  called  Mactan.  Magellan  told 
the  king  of  Cebu  that  he  would  help  him  in 
this  war.  He  took  forty  men  and  went  to  fight 
the  people  of  Mactan. 

A  fierce  battle  followed  the  landing  of  the 
Spaniards.  Magellan  and  his  men  fought  bravely, 
but  they  were  too  few  in  number.  The  sailors 
retreated  to  the  ships  and  Magellan  was  killed 
while  fighting  near  the  shore. 

MAGELLAN  AND  HIS  DISCOVERIES  —  III 

After  the  death  of  their  brave  leader  the  sailors 
chose  another  captain.  But  the  people  of  Cebu 
were  no  longer  friendly  to  the  Spaniards.     At  a 


131 

feast  they  surprised  and  killed  the  captain  and 
twenty-six  of  his  men.  Those  who  were  left  chose 
another  leader  and  quickly  sailed  away. 

In  September,  1522,  one  small  boat  sailed  into 
the  Spanish  harbor  from  which  Magellan  had 
started  with  his  ships  three  years  before. 

The  brave  commander  was  dead.  But  the  Vic- 
toria had  done  something  no  other  ship  had  been 
able  to  do  before.    It  had  sailed  around  the  world. 

The  king  of  Spain  and  his  people  were  sad 
wiien  they  heard  of  the  death  of  Magellan,  but 
they  were  proud  that  his  plans  had  been  carried 
out ;  and  they  gave  him  the  honor  of  the  first 
voyage  around  the  world. 


com  mand'er 

straits 

friend'ly 

pas'sage 

re  treat'ed 

broad 

east'ern 

sea'men 

con'ti  nent 

death 

nar'rowr 

cap'tain 

un  known' 

group 

no'where 

subjects 

dis  cour'aged 

Seat  Work :  Write  answers  to  these  questions. 

How  did  Magellan  reach  the  Pacific  Ocean  ? 

Why  did  he  visit  Mactan  ? 

Why  did  the  Spanish  king  honor  Magellan  ? 


132 

LESSON  55 


THE  CAMEL 

The  camel  is  a  large  animal  that  lives  in  the 
deserts  of  Asia  and  Africa.  He  is  the  horse  of 
this  country.  Men  ride  him  or  make  him  carry 
heavy  loads. 

The  horse  cannot  travel  across  the  deserts  as 
a  camel  can.  The  sun  is  too  hot  and  there  is  too 
little  water.  But  the  camel  can  walk  all  day  in 
the  sun,  and  can  go  from  three  to  five  days  with- 
out water  to  drink. 


133 

The  camel  is  an  ugly  animal.  He  has  a  large 
hump  on  his  back,  his  legs  are  short,  and  he 
walks  awkwardly.  His  hair  is  a  dull  yellow 
color,  growing  long  on  the  neck  and  legs. 

He  is  just  as  useful  to  the  people  of  these 
deserts  as  the  carabao  is  to  the  people  of  the 
Philippines,  or  the  reindeer  to  the  Laplanders. 

When  the  camel  is  killed  his  long  hair  is  woven 
into  a  fine  cloth,  and  his  flesh  is  considered  good 
to  eat.     The  milk  of  the  camel  is  excellent. 

This  animal  can  live  on  very  little  food.  He 
picks  the  short  grass  out  of  the  sand,  or  eats 
dry  leaves  from  small  bushes. 

The  camel  lives  to  be  forty  or  fifty  years  old. 
When  he  is  young  men  teach  him  to  kneel,  and 
to  rise  after  the  load  has  been  placed  on  his  back. 
He  also  learns  to  walk  with  other  camels  in  a  long 
line,  following  one  that  has  a  bell  on  his  neck. 

In  China  a  hundred  camels  are  often  seen  fol- 
lowing a  leader,  each  carrying  on  his  back  a 
heavy  box  of  tea  or  a  roll  of  silk. 

cam'el      des'ert      hump      awk'wardly      wov'en 
flesh      kneel      excellent      following 


134 
LESSON  56 


ABU  AND  HIS  CAMEL 

Abu  Bendam  lived  in  a  barren  part  of  the 
country  called  Arabia.  He  was  a  poor  man  with 
a  wife  and  two  daughters.  Their  home  was  a 
tent  in  the  midst  of  the  desert. 

They  had  one  camel.  His  name  was  Ban. 
When  they  moved  from  place  to  place,  as  they 
often  did,  Ban  carried  on  his  back  the  tent  and 
whatever  else  the  family  had. 


135 

Abu  and  his  daughters  loved  the  camel.  He 
had  belonged  to  them  since  his  mother  died  and 
left  him  a  little  fellow  just  able  to  run  about. 
Now  he  was  twelve  years  old  and  was  the  only 
wealth  of  the  poor  Arab. 

Abu  often  made  long  journeys  across  the  desert. 
Ban  carried  the  load  and  Abu  walked  by  his 
side.  Sometimes,  if  the  load  was  heavy,  Ban 
would  not  rise  with  it.  Then  Abu  had  to  strike 
him  with  his  long  stick.  Ban  would  get  up 
slowly,  groaning  and  crying  like  a  child.  Often 
the  big  tears  ran  down  his  face. 

At  night  Abu  and  his  camel  slept  side  by  side 
with  the  load  between  them. 

During  the  day  a  strong  wind  often  blew  across 
the  desert.  Sometimes  this  wind  brought  a  great 
cloud  of  sand  with  it.  It  blinded  Abu  and  cut 
his  face. 

But  Ban  knew  what  to  do.  He  lay  down, 
closed  his  eyes,  and  put  his  nose  to  the  ground. 
Abu  then  lay  beside  him,  and  the  big  camel 
kept  much  of  the  wind  and  sand  away  from  his 
master. 


136 

Ban  was  not  always  so  kind  and  patient,  how- 
ever. Some  days  he  was  cross.  If  his  load  was 
heavy,  or  if  he  had  been  a  long  time  without 
water,  he  would  bite  at  Abu  or  try  to  kick  him 
and  throw  him  to  the  ground. 

But  Abu  had  learned  that  camels  are  not  very 
wise  animals.  He  knew  how  to  deceive  Ban. 
When  the  camel  ran  toward  him  he  quickly 
pulled  off  his  long  loose  coat  and  threw  it  on  the 
ground.  Foolish  Ban  thought  that  the  coat  was 
his  master.  He  bit  and  kicked  it  and  trampled 
it  under  his  feet. 

After  a  while  his  anger  was  gone.  He  was 
ready  to  go  on  again.  Abu  picked  up  his  coat 
and  threw  it  over  his  shoulders.  Then  the  camel 
and  master  began  their  journey  once  more,  as 
good  friends  as  ever. 


Ar  a'bi  a 

wife 

midst 

tent 

what  ev'er 

fel'low 

wealth 

Ar'ab 

groan'ing 

tears 

cloud 

blind'ed 

de  ceivef 

loose 

tram'pled 

an'ger 

bar'ren 


137 

LESSON   57 
THE  ARAB  AND  HIS  HORSE 

The  Arab  has  another  animal  that  he  loves 
more  than  he  does  his  camel.     This  is  his  horse. 

The  finest  horses  in  the  world  are  raised  in 
Arabia.  It  is  the  wish  of  every  man  there  to 
own  one,  and  he  will  part  with  anything  else  to 
buy  a  horse. 

The  Arab  cares  for  his  horse  and  talks  to  it  as 
if  it  were  a  child.  He  is  seldom  willing  to  sell 
it.  The  Arabian  horses  are  beautiful  and  run  very 
fast.  They  are  gentle  and  learn  to  love  their 
master.  Travelers  sometimes  offer  a  poor  man  a 
great  price  for  one  of  them,  but  the  Arab  loves 
his  horse  more  than  he  does  money  and  wrill  not 
part  with  it. 

In  Arabia  horses  are  not  often  used  to  carry 
loads.  They  are  only  for  the  master  or  his  chil- 
dren to  ride,  and  they  are  not  forced  to  do  hard 
work  as  in  other  countries. 


138 


LESSON  58 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lessons  57  and  58 

Where  is  Arabia?  '; 

Describe  the  appearance  of  the  camel. 

Why  is  a  camel  more  valuable  in  a  desert 
country  than  a  horse? 

When  Ban  was  angry  how  did  Abu  deceive  him  ? 

How  did  Ban  protect  his  master  in  a  sand 
storm  ? 

How  are  horses  used  in  Arabia? 

Why  will  an  Arab  seldom  part  with  his  horse  ? 

Use  the  following  words  in  sentences. 

desert  excellent  kneel 

water  roll  leader 

Use  the  following  expressions  in  sentences. 


run  about                by  his  side 
side  by  side             lie  down 

had  to  go 
pull  off 

Define  these  words. 

awkwardly              cross 
bite                           wrath 

groan 
price 

139 


LESSON   59 


RAILROADS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 


Long  ago,  when  the  United  States  was  a  new 
country,  the  people  began  to  build  railroads  from 
one  town  to  another.  It  was  hard  work  and 
cost  much  money.  But  people  knew  that  it  would 
help  the  country  as  nothing  else  could  do. 

To-day  one  can  travel  by  railroad  all  over  the 
United  States.  The  trains  run  very  fast  and  one 
can  make  a  long  journey  in  a  very  short  time. 

The  steel  rails  on  which  the  train  runs  are  laid 
on  strong  pieces  of  wood.  The  great  engine  in 
front  makes  the   steam   which  pulls   the  heavy 


140 

train  over  these  rails.  A  man  called  the  engineer 
rides  on  the  engine  and  guides  the  train.  His 
work  is  very  important,  and  he  must  watch  the 
rails  every  moment. 

Behind  the  engine  are  many  large  coaches. 
In  these  coaches  are  comfortable  seats  for  the 
people  who  travel. 

In  some  of  them  the  seats  can  be  made  into 
good  beds  at  night.  These  coaches  are  called 
sleepers.  Here  the  traveler  sleeps  just  as  if  he 
were  at  home. 

In  another  part  of  the  train  is  the  dining 
room  and  back  of  it  is  the  kitchen.  In  the 
kitchen  the  food  is  cooked.  This  is  taken  to 
small  tables  in  the  dining  room.  Here  people 
sit  and  eat  their  meals  while  they  are  passing 
rapidly  over  rivers,  mountains,  and  long  stretches 
of  land. 


rail'roads 

coach'es 

steel 

rails 

en'gine 

en  gi  neer' 

guides 

cost 

sleep'ers 

trav'el  er 

kitch'en 

din'ing 

meals 

be  hind' 

141 


LESSON  60 


FROM  DAGUPAN  TO  MANILA 

In  the  Philippine  Islands  there  is  but  one  rail- 
road. This  runs  from  Manila  to  Dagupan,  a  dis- 
tance of  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles. 

The  trains  on  this  road  do  not  run  so  fast  nor 
are  they  so  comfortable  as  those  in  America. 
But  the  railroad  has  been  a  great  help  to  the 
provinces  through  which  it  passes.  The  people 
can  travel  from  town  to  town.  They  can  also 
send  to  Manila  by  the  train  the  rice,  sugar,  and 
other  things  they  raise. 


142 

Let  us  buy  a  ticket  and  make  a  trip  from 
Dagupan  to  Manila.  If  we  buy  what  is  called  a 
first-class  ticket,  we  pay  the  highest  price  and 
ride  in  the  best  coach.  A  second-class  ticket  is 
a  little  cheaper  and  the  coach  is  almost  as  com- 
fortable. The  third-class  ticket  is  much  cheaper, 
but  we  must  ride  in  a  crowded  coach  where  the 
only  seats  are  long  benches. 

The  train  stops  at  every  town  for  people  to  get 
on  or  off.  There  is  always  a  crowd  at  the  stations. 
Men,  women,  and  children  are  there  laughing  and 
talking  and  saying  good-bye  to  their  friends. 

Women  with  large  baskets  come  to  the  win- 
dows of  the  coach.  They  have  bananas,  cocoa- 
nuts,  eggs,  bread,  and  many  other  things  to  sell. 
Boys  run  into  the  coaches  asking  us  to  buy  the 
water  which  they  carry  in  bottles. 

While  we  stop  the  trainmen  are  busy  putting 
into  the  freight  car  the  things  to  be  taken  to 
Manila.  Often  there  are  baskets  of  fish  or 
bananas,  bunches  of  sugar  cane,  bags  of  rice,  or  a 
large  number  of  chickens  with  their  feet  tied 
together. 


143 

On  this  trip  we  cross  many  rivers.  The  train 
runs  over  strong  bridges  made  of  iron  or  stone. 
We  pass  through  a  great  valley  with  beautiful 
mountains  on  each  side  of  it. 

In  this  valley  much  rice  and  sugar  cane  are 
raised.  Wq  see  men  and  boys  working  in  the 
fields.  In  some  places  they  are  plowing,  with  a 
carabao  hitched  to  a  small  wooden  plow. 

We  left  Dagupan  at  six  o'clock  in  the  morning. 
The  air  was  cool  and  pleasant.  Now  it  is  hot  and 
we  are  tired  from  our  long  trip  on  the  train.  We 
are  glad  to  see  that  it  is  almost  two  o'clock. 
We  shall  soon  be  in  Manila  where  we  can  rest. 


distance 

tick'et 

trip 

bench'es 

crowd 

sta'tions 

bot'tle 

freight 

bridge 

i'ron 

stone 

plow 

1 

)leas'ant 

crowd'ed 

Seat  Work :  For  each  of  the  following  give  a  word  which  has 
the  same  meaning :  travel,  almost,  fast,  large,  bags. 


144 

LESSON  61 

A  LETTER 

San  Carlos,  Pangasinan,  P.I. 

May  2,  1904. 
Dear  Florencia : 

Last  week  mother  and  I  came  to  San  Carlos  to 
visit  my  grandmother,  who  lives  here. 

We  had  to  get  up  very  early,  as  the  train  leaves 
Manila  at  six  o'clock.  We  ate  our  breakfast  at 
half  past  four.     Very  soon  we  were  ready  to  go. 

We  drove  to  the  station,  as  it  is  a  long  distance 
from  our  house. 

I  had  never  ridden  on  the  train  and  I  could 
scarcely  wait  until  mother  bought  the  tickets.  I 
was  afraid  the  train  would  go  and  leave  us. 

People  were  crowding  about  the  office  where  the 
tickets  were  sold,  but  at  last  mother  had  ours. 
Then  we  went  through  the  gate  and  entered  the 
first-class  coach.  It  was  very  comfortable,  and  we 
each  had  a  seat  as  there  was  not  a  crowd. 

As  we  passed  through  the  country  I  saw  many 
things  I  had  never  seen  in  Manila.       At  every 


145 

station  I  wished  I  could  talk  to  the  people  who 
were  there,  but  they  could  not  understand  me. 

I  enjoyed  the  trip  so  much  that  I  was  almost 
sgrry  when  we  reached  San  Carlos  about  one 
o'clock.  But  I  was  very  glad  to  see  grandmother 
and  my  cousin  here. 

We  shall  stay  in  San  Carlos  for  two  weeks.  I 
wish  you  could  be  here  with  me.  I  am  having  a 
nice  time  and  like  the  town  very  much. 

Write  to  me  before  I  go  home. 

Your  sincere  friend, 

Candida  Dison. 


WHO  AM  I? 


My  face  is  as  round  as  yours,  little  girl 

But  I  have  no  eyes  to  see ; 

My  two  hands  are  busy  all  the  day, 

As  busy  as  they  can  be. 

Sometimes  I  speak  that  you  may  know 

How  fast  the  hours  and  minutes  go. 


146 


LESSON  62 


DOT 

See  my  kitty,  little  Dot ; 

Very  pretty,  is  she  not  ? 

Soft  and  silky  is  her  fur ; 

If  you  stroke  it,  she  will  purr. 

Dot  won't  hurt  you  with  her  claws, 

Keeps  them  hidden  in  her  paws. 

Now  she's  only  good  at  play, 

But  she'll  catch  the  rats  some  day. 


147 


LESSON  63 


HERMOSO  —  I 


There  was  a  time  when  I  was  very  young  and 
had  a  mother  like  other  little  chickens.  I  lived 
in  a  nice  green  yard  and  played  with  my  brothers 
and  sisters.  A  kind  woman  gave  us  rice  every 
morning  and  my  mother  scratched  and  found 
worms  for  us. 


148 

But  that  was  long  ago,  —  so  long  ago  that  I 
remember  almost  as  a  dream  the  first  day  our 
mother  took  us  into  the  street. 

We  thought  it  was  great  fun  to  be  so  far  from 
home.  But  she  would  not  let  us  leave  her  and 
kept  calling  us  all  the  time. 

As  we  were  walking  by  a  high  wall  I  saw  an 
open  gate.  I  thought  I  would  step  inside  for  a 
moment  to  see  what  was  there.  But  in  that 
moment  a  woman  came  out,  closed  the  gate 
behind  her,  and  fastened  it.  It  was  made  of 
solid  wood  and  there  was  no  opening  through 
which  I  could  get  out. 

I  was  frightened  and  ran  beside  the  stone  wall, 
calling  my  mother.  But  I  could  not  call  very 
loud  and  she  did  not  hear  me. 

I  saw  other  chickens  in  the  yard  scratching  for 
worms,  but  I  was  afraid  to  go  near  them.  I  ran 
under  the  house  and  stayed  all  day. 

In  the  morning  I  was  very  hungry.  I  heard  a 
woman  calling  the  chickens  and  I  knew  she  was 
giving  them  something  to  eat.  How  I  wished 
mv  mother  would  come  and  take  care  of  me! 


149 

I  went  out  and  tried  to  pick  up  a  few  grains 
of  rice.  But  the  other  chickens  would  not  let 
me  have  anything.  Every  time  I  went  near  they 
ran  at  me  and  pecked  me. 

I  saw  that  I  should  be  killed  if  I  stayed  there, 
so  I  went  back  under  the  house.  It  was  growing 
dark  and  I  was  sleepy.  I  did  not  know  what  to 
do.  I  was  afraid  to  sleep  under  the  house,  and 
my  wings  were  not  strong  enough  to  fly  up  in 
the  tree  standing  in  the  yard. 

I  found  an  old  basket  and  crept  into  it,  but  I 
did  not  sleep  much.  I  was  dreaming  all  the 
time  of  the  warm  bed  close  beside  my  little 
brothers  and  sisters  under  my  dear  mother's 
wings. 

HERMOSO  —  II 

The  next  morning  I  tried  to  eat  with  the  other 
chickens  again,  but  they  were  more  cruel  to  me 
than  ever.  One  old  hen  pecked  me  on  the  head. 
It  hurt  me  very  much.  One  of  my  eyes  was  soon 
so  swollen  that  I  could  not  see. 


150 

Hungry  and  sick,  I  hid  in  a  corner  of  the  yard 
all  day.  Once  I  walked  over  to  the  big  shell 
from  which  the  other  chickens  drank.  Just  then 
a  little  boy  came  into  the  yard. 

"  Ha!  there  is  a  strange  chicken  in  the  yard," 
he  cried,  and  threw  a  stone  at  me.  It  hit  me  on 
the  leg  and  I  could  scarcely  walk. 

I  ran  under  the  house  as  best  I  could.  But 
when  he  passed  into  the  house  I  limped  back  to 
the  corner  of  the  yard  where  I  hid  during  the 
rest  of  the  day.  My  leg  hurt  me  and  I  was  too 
tired  to  move. 

That  night  it  rained.  In  the  morning  I  was 
wet  and  cold.  My  leg  was  stiff  and  sore,  and  I 
was  weak  from  hunger.  I  wished  that  I  could 
die.  Yet  when  I  heard  the  woman  calling  the 
chickens  I  tried  to  walk  to  her  to  get  some  rice. 

This  time  a  little  girl  was  with  the  woman. 
"Why,  mother,"  she  cried,  "  there  is  a  strange 
chicken !  Poor  little  thing !  it  can  scarcely  walk. 
Its  eye  is  swollen,  too." 

"  Catch  it,  Perfecta,"  said  her  mother;  "we 
will  take  it  into  the  house  and  feed  it." 


151 


HERMOSO  — III 

I  am  a  big  rooster  now.  Perfecta  has  fed  me 
so  well  and  taken  such  good  care  of  me  that  I 
am  larger  and  finer  looking  than  any  of  the 
other  chickens. 

I  have  a  beautiful  red  comb  on  my  head.  My 
feathers  are  yellow  and  white.  Those  in  my  tail 
are  so  long  that  they  touch  the  ground. 

I  am  the  only  chicken  in  the  yard  that  has  a 
name.  Perfecta  calls  me  Hermoso  and  feeds  me 
from  her  hand.  She  lets  me  fly  on  her  shoulder 
and  takes  me  in  her  arms. 

I  can  crow  very  loud.  When  I  throw  back 
my  head  and  crow  the  other  chickens  are 
afraid.  They  do  not  dare  to  come  near  me. 
They  do  not  like  me,  for  they  say  that  I  am 
proud  and  quarrelsome. 

I  have  a  right  to  be  proud.  Does  n't  Perfecta 
like  me  better  than  the  others  ?  Are  n't  my 
feathers  longer  and  whiter  than  theirs  and  my 
comb  redder?  Can't  I  crow  louder  and  fight 
longer  than  any  other  chicken  in  the  yard? 


152 

I  have  almost  forgotten  the  time  when  I  was 
young,  motherless,  and  homeless,  and  could  not 
get  anything  to  eat.  I  am  well  cared  for  now  and 
I  don't  let  any  strange  chickens  come  into  the 
yard  and  take  what  is  mine. 

If  I  see  a  stranger  in  the  yard  I  run  after  him. 
Let  every  chicken  stay  where  he  belongs,  I  say, 
and  not  be  troubling  his  neighbors  who  are  hand- 
somer, larger,  and  stronger  than  he. 


roost'er 

limped 

quar'rel  some 

sol'id 

dare 

troubling 

cor'ner 

home'less 

worms 

scarcely 

crept 

swollen 

motherless 

scratched 

sore 

crow 

dream'ing 

comb 

dream 

stiff 

pecked 

Seat  Work :  Give  a  single  word  meaning  the  same  thing  for  each 
of  the  following  expressions :  all  the  time,  something  to  eat,  went 
back,  every  time,  close  beside,  run  after. 

Example :  all  the  time  =  continually,  constantly. 


153 

LESSON  64 
A  FIRE  — I 

Yesterday  when  the  boys  were  coming  from 
school  they  heard  a  loud  noise  in  the  next  street. 

"It's  the  fire  engine!77  cried  Henry.  There 
came  the  big  engine.  The  horses  were  running  and 
jumping,  while  the  driver  in  front  was  shouting 
and  striking  them  with  a  whip.  At  the  back  of 
the  engine  stood  two  men  wearing  rubber  coats 
and  hats. 

"Come,  let  us  find  out  where  the  fire  is,77 
said  Leslie.  They  ran  down  the  street  as  fast  as 
they  could.  The  engine  turned  the  corner.  The 
boys  could  see  smoke  and  flames. 

"  There  it  is ! 77  cried  Henry.  "  It  7s  the  big  store 
on  the  corner.77  A  crowd  of  people  were  already 
in  the  street.  Another  engine  and  a  wagon  filled 
with  firemen  and  long  rubber  hose  had  come,  too. 

In  a  moment  great  streams  of  water  were  pour- 
ing on  the  burning  building.  The  men  needed 
their  rubber  coats  and  hats  now.  The  water  fell 
on  them  like  rain. 


154 


155 

Some  of  the  men  put  long  ladders  against  the 
building  and  climbed  to  the  roof  where  the  flames 
were  coming  through.  Others  carried  out  boxes 
filled  with  tea,  coffee,  and  other  things. 

The  boys  saw  two  firemen  turning  the  water  on 
the  next  building.  "  They  are  afraid  it  will  catch 
fire,  too,7'  said  Henry.  "It  won't  now,"  Leslie 
replied,  "for  they  have  almost  put  the  fire  out." 

In  a  short  time  no  more  flames  or  smoke  could 
be  seen.  The  firemen  rolled  up  the  hose.  The 
wagon  and  engines  rattled  off.  "  Let  us  go,"  said 
Henry ;   "  there  is  nothing  more  to  see." 

whip  streams        flames       en'gine        rub'ber 

smoke       shout'ing     rat'tled     fire'man      hose 

A  FIKE  — II 

In  the  evening  as  Henry  sat  studying  his  les- 
sons he  heard  the  fire  engine  again.  "0  father," 
he  cried,  "  it 's  another  fire !     May  I  go  ?  " 

"Yes,"  said  his  father;  "get  your  coat  and 
hat  and  come  with  me." 


156 

In  a  moment  they  were  hurrying  down  the 
street,  following  the  engine  and  the  crowds. 

"  Why,"  exclaimed  Henry  as  the  engine  turned, 
"it's  the  same  place  where  the  fire  was  this 
afternoon."  It  was  not  the  same  building,  but 
it  was  the  one  next  to  it.  A  spark  had  fallen 
on  the  roof,  and  the  water  that  the  fire  engine 
had  thrown  did  not  reach  it. 

The  roof  was  already  in  flames.  But  the  men 
had  put  up  the  ladders  and  were  sending  streams 
of  water  into  the  smoke  and  fire. 

"See  that  fireman  on  the  corner  of  the  roof," 
said  Henry.     "  The  fire  is  all  around  him." 

Other  people  had  seen  the  same  thing.  "  Get 
back,  quick  !  "  they  shouted.  "  The  roof  is  burn- 
ing behind  you." 

But  it  was  too  late.  The  flames  shot  up 
higher  than  before.  In  a  moment  a  part  of  the 
roof  behind  him  had  fallen  in. 

The  fireman  stood  quiet  at  the  corner.  Beneath 
him  was  the  high  wall  reaching  up  from  the  street 
far  below.  Behind  were  the  flames  and  the 
opening  made  by  the  burning  roof. 


157 

"Bring  a  long  ladder,"  cried  the  fire  chief.  It 
was  brought,  but  it  was  too  short  to  reach  the 
top  of  the  building.     "  Another !  "  he  cried. 

It  seemed  to  the  people  in  the  street  that  the 
man  must  fall,  so  high  and  hot  were  the  flames. 
"Quick  with  the  ladder !  "  they  cried. 

In  a  moment  it  was  there.  In  another  the 
fireman  had  reached  it  and  was  on  the  ground  in 
safety.  But  he  escaped  none  too  soon.  With 
a  great  crash  the  corner  where  he  had  stood  fell 
into  the  flames  below. 

11  Father/7  said  Henry  as  they  were  walking 
home,  "  I  used  to  think  I  should  like  to  be  a  fire- 
man.    But  I  have  changed  my  mind." 


same 

lad'ders 

chief 

none 

crash 

changed 

mind 

spark 

ex  claimed' 

flames 

es  caped' 

o'pen  ing 

Seat  Work :  Write  answers  to  these  questions. 

Why  do  firemen  wear  rubber  coats  ? 

How  did  the  firemen  reach  the  roof  of  the  building  ? 

What  caused  the  second  fire  ? 

How  was  the  fireman  saved  ? 

Why  did  Henry  change  his  mind  ? 


158 


LESSON  65 


THE  LANDING  OF  THE  MAYFLOWER 

Almost  three  hundred  years  ago  a  band  of  brave 
English  men  and  women  called  Pilgrims  left  their 
homes  to  go  to  America.  They  wished  to  have  a 
country  of  their  own  and  a  free  government. 

In  the  month  of  September  they  started  for 
America.  They  sailed  in  a  small  boat  called  the 
Mayflower.  It  did  not  travel  swiftly  like  the 
ships  that  cross  the  Atlantic  to-day. 


159 

When  at  last  the  Pilgrims  reached  a  place  in 
America  where  they  could  settle  it  was  Decem- 
ber. The  weather  was  very  cold.  The  ground  was 
covered  with  ice  and  snow.  There  was  little  left 
on  the  boat  to  eat.  On  land  there  were  no  houses 
or  towns.     The  only  people  near  were  Indians. 

But  the  brave  Pilgrims  were  not  discouraged. 
They  lived  on  the  Mayflower  until  the  men  could 
cut  down  trees  and  build  houses.  Then  they  came 
on  shore  and  began  their  life  in  the  new  country. 

The  men  built  a  strong  fort  and  around  the 
town  they  put  a  high  fence.  This  was  to  keep 
out  the  wild  animals  and  the  Indians. 

Many  of  the  Indians  did  not  like  the  white 
men.  They  did  not  wish  to  have  any  strangers 
in  the  country.  Sometimes  the  Indians  crept 
into  the  towns  and  villages  and  killed  the  white 
settlers  with  bows  and  arrows. 

Some  of  the  Pilgrims  acted  as  soldiers  and  stood 
on  guard  about  the  fort  all  the  time.  The  others 
cut  down  trees,  made  roads,  fished,  hunted,  and  did 
all  kinds  of  hard  work.  The  women  worked  also, 
and  even  the  little  girls  and  boys  were  busy. 


160 

It  was  a  long,  hard  winter  for  all  of  them. 
The  weather  was  cold  and  their  food  was  poor. 
Many  of  them  were  ill  and  a  large  number  died. 

But  by  and  by  spring  came.  The  sun  shone, 
and  the  flowers,  grass,  and  green  leaves  cheered 
these  lonely  people.  They  planted  corn  and  vege- 
tables, and  prepared  in  every  way  for  the  winter. 

Every  year  this  band  of  men  and  women 
increased.  Other  people  came  over  from  Eng- 
land, wishing  to  make  their  home  with  the  Pil- 
grims in  the  new  country.  Soon  this  became  one 
of  the  strongest  colonies  in  America.  Some  day 
you  will  read  the  history  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

The  rock  where  the  Pilgrims  landed  may  be 
seen  to-day  on  the  coast  of  Massachusetts.  It 
is  called  Plymouth  Rock,  and  is  famous  as  the 
landing  place  of  those  men  and  women  who 
made  the  first  trip  in  the  Mayflower. 


guard          in  creased' 

col'o  nies           set'tle 

fort             land'ed 

Pil'grims           spring 

life              lonely 

pre  pared'          cheered 

gov'ern  ment 

dis  cour'aged 

161 

LESSON  66 
CAPTAIN  MILES  STANDISH  AND  THE  INDIANS 

Among  the  men  who  went  to  America  in  the 
Mayflower  was  Captain  Miles  Standish.  He  was 
a  good  man  and  a  brave  soldier.  To  him  the 
Pilgrims  gave  the  work  of  teaching  the  men  to 
fight  and  to  guard  the  town. 

He  was  a  stern,  silent  man,  and  the  people 
obeyed  him  because  they  knew  he  was  a  wise 
general.  Among  those  who  died  during  the  first 
hard  winter  was  Captain  Standish's  wife,  Rose, 
and  he  was  left  more  silent  and  lonely  than 
before. 

The  captain  knew  that  the  Indians  did  not  like 
the  white  men,  and  that  some  time  they  would 
make  war  on  the  Pilgrims.  All  the  time  he  was 
preparing  his  soldiers  and  getting  ready  guns  and 
ammunition. 

One  day  a  soldier  came  and  told  Captain 
Standish  that  an  Indian  was  outside  the  fort 
and  wished  to  speak  to  him.  "  Bring  him  in," 
said  the  captain. 


162 


A*S.  / 


163 

A  moment  later  a  tall  Indian  came  into  the 
room.  In  his  hair  were  long  feathers,  and  his 
face  was  painted,  as  is  the  custom  of  the  Indians 
when  they  go  to  battle.  "  I  have  come/'  he  said, 
"with  a  message  of  war  from  my  people  to  the 
white  men." 

Stepping  forward,  he  gave  to  the  captain  the 
skin  of  a  large  snake  filled  with  arrows.  Captain 
Standish  looked  at  the  snake  skin  but  said  not 
a  word.  Pulling  the  arrows  out,  he  threw  them 
on  the  floor.  He  then  filled  the  skin  with  pow- 
der and  balls  and  handed  it  to  the  Indian. 

"This  is  my  answer  to  your  message  of  war," 
he  said.  "  Tell  your  people  the  white  men  are 
ready  to  fight." 

When  the  Indians  saw  the  powder  and  balls 
and  heard  the  brave  words  of  the  captain  they 
were  afraid.  They  decided  not  to  make  war,  and 
for  some  time  the  Pilgrims  lived  in  safety. 

stern         silent  obeyed'         pow'der 

balls  paint'ed         bat'tle  mes'sage 

de  cid'ed  for'ward  snake 


164 

LESSON  67 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lessons  65  and  66 

When  and  why  did  the  Pilgrims  go  to  America? 

What  was  the  name  of  their  boat  ? 

Describe  their  landing  in  America. 

What  work  did  they  have  to  do  as  soon  as  they 
landed  ? 

What  did  they  do  when  spring  came? 

Tell  what  you  know  about  Plymouth  Rock. 

How  did  the  Indians  declare  war  against  the 
Pilgrims  ? 

How  did  Captain  Standish  reply? 

Use  these  expressions  in  sentences. 

two  years  ago  at  last  keep  out 

on  guard  by  and  by  every  year 

By  using  the  prefix  dis  form  the  opposites  of 
the  following  words. 

honest  agreeable  comfort 

courteous  able  like 


165 

LESSON  68 
CACAO 

The  Spaniards  brought  the  cacao  plant  from 
Mexico  two  hundred  years  ago.  It  grows  in 
almost  all  the  Philippine  Islands,  doing  best 
where  the  ground  is  low  and  wet. 

Some  day  perhaps  the  Filipinos  will  raise  cacao 
to  sell  to  other  countries.  But  now  little  more 
than  enough  for  their  own  use  is  produced. 

People  in  many  parts  of  the  world  use  cacao. 
As  this  plant  does  not  grow  in  cold  countries  the 
cacao  must  be  taken  there.  Large  quantities  of 
the  beans  are  shipped  every  year  from  Mexico 
and  also  from  South  America.  They  are  sent  to 
factories  in  America  and  Europe.  There  a  part 
of  the  oil  is  taken  out,  the  husks  are  removed, 
and  the  beans  are  ground  into  powder.  This 
powder  is  sent  all  over  the  world  to  people  who 
like  to  drink  chocolate  or  to  make  candy  of  it. 

Vicente  likes  a  cup  of  chocolate  every  morning 
with  his  breakfast.  He  does  not  go  to  the  store 
and  buy  the  cacao.     His  mother  always  has  a 


166 

large  basket  of  the  beans  in  the  house.  She  has 
many  cacao  bushes  growing  in  the  yard.  When 
the  fruit  is  ripe  she  pulls  it.  She  cuts  it  open 
and  takes  out  the  large  seeds.  These  she  cooks 
in  a  covered  pan,  just  as  you  do  peanuts,  and 
takes  off  the  husks. 

Vicente  often  helps  his  mother  prepare  the 
cacao.  He  puts  the  beans  on  a  large  stone 
which  is  flat  like  a  board.  Then  he  takes  a 
heavy  roller  and  rolls  them  until  they  become 
a  fine  powder. 

His  mother  mixes  this  powder  with  dark  sugar 
and  rolls  it  into  little  round  balls.  They  are 
then  ready  to  make  into  chocolate  for  breakfast. 


ca  ca'o 

oil 

pea'nuts 

fac'to  ries 

pan 

pre  pare' 

choc'o  late 

beans 

shipped 

quan'ti  ties 

husks 

re  moved' 

pro  duced' 

can'dy 
mix'es 

cov'ered 

167 
LESSON  69 


MEXICO 

In  the  southern  part  of  the  North  American 
continent  is  a  large  country  called  Mexico.  The 
climate  is  warm  and  there  are  heavy  rains  much 
like  those  you  have  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Mexico  has  high  mountains  and  broad  rich  val- 
leys. In  these  valleys  are  raised  bananas,  pine- 
apples, mangoes,  and  many  other  fine  fruits.    Both 


168 

cacao  and  coffee  grow  in  Mexico,  and  every  year 
large  quantities  of  all  these  things  are  shipped  to 
other  countries. 

.  The  native  Mexicans  are  Indians,  but  they  are 
not  like  the  Indians  of  the  United  States.  They 
are  smaller,  their  skin  is  not  so  dark,  and  they  are 
quiet  and  gentle  in  their  manners. 

For  almost  three  hundred  years  Spain  ruled 
Mexico.  In  1519  a  Spanish  captain  went  there 
with  a  band  of  soldiers.  After  many  battles  with 
the  natives  he  took  the  country  in  the  name  of 
the  king  of  Spain. 

When  the  Spanish  soldiers  went  into  Mexico 
they  were  surprised  to  find  large  cities  and  beau- 
tiful buildings.  Many  of  these  buildings  were 
decorated  with  gold  and  silver,  for  both  of  these 
metals  are  found  in  Mexico.  There  were  also 
statues  which  were  made  of  gold  and  silver. 
Flowers  were  growing  in  the  gardens,  and  the 
people  knew  how  to  make  their  homes  beautiful 
in  many  ways. 

You  remember  that  about  the  same  time  the 
Spanish  took  possession  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 


169 

These  islands  were  then  ruled  not  from  Spain 
but  through  the  Spanish  officials  in  Mexico.  In 
this  way  a  large  trade  grew  up  between  Mexico 
and  the  Philippines.  Every  year  ships,  called 
royal  galleons,  were  sent  from  Manila,  carrying 
Philippine  products  to  Mexico.  When  the  gal- 
leons returned  they  brought  back  money  and 
goods  to  Manila. 

In  1810  the  Mexicans  rose  against  the  Spanish 
government.  The  trouble  continued  for  almost  ten 
years.  In  1820  Spain  gave  up  her  possessions 
in  Mexico  and  that  country  became  a  republic. 

dec'o  rat  ed  pos  ses'sion  ruled 

of  ii'cials  through  trade 

roy'al  gal'le  ons  prod'ucts 

trou'ble  con  tin'ued  re  pub'lic 


Seat  Work :  Find  these  words  in  the  lesson,  and  for  each  give 
another  which  means  the  same  thing :  broad,  beautiful,  ruled, 
officials,  carry. 


170 

LESSON  70 


A  VOYAGE  ON  A  ROYAL  GALLEON 

During  the  time  when  the  royal  galleons  made 
yearly  voyages  from  the  Philippines  to  Mexico 
there  lived  in  Manila  a  sailor  by  the  name  of 
Jose  Ocampo.  He  was  known  among  the  Filipinos 
and  Spaniards  as  a  wise  seaman,  and  for  many 
years  was  sent  with  one  of  the  galleons  as  a  pilot. 

Josd  had  one  son,  —  a  little  boy  called  Benito. 
Benito  loved  the  sea  as  much  as  his  father  did,  and 
often  begged  to  be  taken  on  the  voyage  to  Mexico. 


171 

"When  you  are  older,"  his  father  said  to  him 
year  after  year,  "  you  may  go  with  me." 

At  last  when  the  boy  was  twelve  years  old 
the  captain  gave  Josd  permission  to  take  his 
son  with  him. 

Benito  was  a  small,  delicate  boy,  but  he  was 
quick  to  learn  and  polite  in  his  manners.  Dur- 
ing the  long  voyage  he  became  a  favorite  with 
the  Spanish  officers.  He  learned  to  speak  their 
language  well.  They  taught  him  many  things 
and  told  him  about  the  country  to  which  he 
was  going. 

When  the  galleon  reached  Mexico  the  men  on 
board  were  busy  unloading  the  ship  and  taking 
on  a  new  cargo  to  carry  back  to  Manila. 

But  Benito's  father  was  the  pilot.  He  did  not 
have  work  to  do  while  they  were  in  the  harbor. 
He  took  Benito  to  see  many  things  in  the 
strange  country. 

They  made  a  journey  through  the  mountains 
to  a  beautiful  old  town  called  the  City  of  Mexico. 
It  lay  far  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  the  air 
was  cool  and  pleasant.    Benito  thought  he  should 


172 

like  to  stay  there.  But  his  father  said  they  must 
go  back  to  the  galleon,  which  would  soon  be  sailing 
on  the  return  voyage. 

"You  will  bring  me  with  you  every  year  now, 
won't  you,  father?"  asked  Benito.  "Then  I 
can  learn  the  way  and  some  day  be  a  good  pilot 
like  you." 

"Yes,  I  hope  you  will  make  a  good  pilot  and 
a  wise  seaman/'  answered  his  father.  "  But  per- 
haps some  day  you  may  serve  your  country 
better  than  as  a  pilot  on  a  royal  galleon." 

So  they  started  on  their  voyage  back  to  Manila. 
But  in  those  days  all  ships  did  not  reach  their 
own  country  in  safety.  For  many  years  there 
had  been  war  between  Spain  and  a  people  called 
the  Dutch,  who  live  in  Holland.  Sometimes  the 
Dutch  war  ships  captured  the  galleons  as  they 
made  their  return  trip  to  Manila  loaded  with 
money  and  rich  goods. 

Not  many  days  after  the  galleon  had  left 
Mexico  a  Dutch  vessel  was  seen  far  off  at  sea 
coming  rapidly  toward  her.  All  knew  what  that 
meant.     She  was  a  larger  boat  than  the  galleon 


173 

and  better  armed.  She  could  easily  make  the 
men  prisoners,  seize  the  goods,  and  destroy  the 
ship. 

Every  man  on  board  took  his  arms  and  waited 
for  the  Dutch  to  approach.  But  Benito's  father 
stayed  in  his  place.  "I  must  send  the  ship  on 
her  way  till  she  sinks/'  he  said.  "But  you  may 
go  to  the  officers,  Benito;  they  will  care  for  you 
better  than  I  can." 

11  No,  I  will  stay  with  you,  father,"  said  Benito. 
"  I  must  learn  to  be  a  pilot,  too,  you  know." 

When  the  galleon  sank,  the  Spanish  captain, 
a  prisoner  on  the  Dutch  ship,  saw  the  big  waves 
sweep  the  father  and  son  from  the  pilot  house. 
"They  are  going  down  together,"  he  said.  "I 
wish  I  were  with  them.  I  should  like  to  die  in 
the  company  of  two  brave  men." 


per  mis'sion 

Dutch 

begged 

to  geth'er 

un  load'ing 

goods 

seized 

f  a'vor  ite 

lan'guage 

pi'lot 

roy'al 

man'ners 

cap'tured 

serve 

lev'el 

of fi  cers 

174 

LESSON   71 

BIRDIE  AND  BABY 

What  does  little  birdie  say, 
In  her  nest  at  peep  of  day? 
"Let  me  fly/'  says  little  birdie, 
"  Mother,  let  me  fly  away." 

"  Birdie,  rest  a  little  longer, 
Till  the  little  wings  are  stronger.' 
So  she  rests  a  little  longer, 
Then  she  flies  away. 

What  does  little  baby  say, 
In  her  bed  at  peep  of  day? 
Baby  says,  like  little  birdie, 
"  Let  me  rise  and  fly  away." 

"  Baby,  sleep  a  little  longer, 
Till  the  little  limbs  are  stronger." 
If  she  sleeps  a  little  longer, 
Baby  too  may  fly  away. 

Alfred  Tennyson. 


175 

LESSON   72 

WILLIAM  TELL  — I 

Switzerland  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  coun- 
tries of  Europe.  It  has  lakes,  rocks,  valleys,  and 
high  mountains.  Travelers  go  from  all  the  world 
to  see  them. 

The  people  of  Switzerland  have  always  loved 
freedom.  They  never  wished  to  have  a  king  or 
a  ruler  except  from  their  own  people. 

Long,  long  ago  the  king  of  another  country 
sent  a  man  named  Gessler  into  Switzerland. 
Gessler  was  to  rule  the  people  and  hold  them 
subject  to  his  king. 

Gessler  was  a  very  cruel  man.  He  was  unkind 
to  the  people  and  wished  to  take  all  their  freedom 
from  them. 

In  the  market  place  of  a  certain  town  he  set 
up  a  tall  pole.  On  top  of  the  pole  he  put  a  hat. 
"  This,"  he  said,  "  is  the  sign  of  the  king.  Every 
man  who  passes  must  uncover  his  head  and  bow 
to  the  king's  hat." 


176 

One  day  William  Tell,  a  very  brave  man,  and 
his  little  son  came  into  the  market  place.  He 
walked  by  the  hat  and  did  not  bow  to  it. 

The  king's  soldiers  seized  him  and  took  him 
to  Gessler.  "  Why  did  you  not  bowT  before  the 
king's  hat?  "  asked  Gessler.  "  Your  king  is  not 
my  king,"  answered  Tell.  "  I  will  not  bow  before 
him  or  his  hat." 

"Very  well,"  replied  Gessler;  "  you  shall  die. 
But  wait,"  he  said.  "  I  hear  you  shoot  well  with 
the  bow.  I  will  put  an  apple  on  your  son's  head. 
If  you  can  stand  one  hundred  paces  from  him 
and  shoot  the  apple  from  his  head,  you  shall  be 
free.  But  if  you  miss  the  apple,  both  you  and 
your  son  shall  die." 

"  I  will  die  first,"  said  Tell.  "I  will  not  shoot 
at  the  apple.     I  might  kill  my  son." 

"0  father!"  cried  the  little  boy;  "  you  must 
shoot.  You  will  not  miss  the  apple.  I  am  not 
afraid.     I  know  you  will  not  hit  me." 


177 


Mrttf^fft^lffi'fo'    im*  ****                                    ^ 

■Jr.  iflP-  ^ffliliH*^^    *  : ' :  ^ 

|]H 

X-  i  f  B^  m»                        ^tt£j|B3r  AB 

B  •      ^m   6i;'f 

\J.j     1      ^^^t  -          7  <**"^ 

m&SB 

178 

WILLIAM  TELL  — II 

They  placed  the  boy  a  hundred  paces  from  his 
father,  with  the  apple  on  his  head.  Tell  took  the 
great  bow  from  his  shoulder  and  chose  an  arrow. 
He  waited  a  moment  to  stop  the  trembling  of 
his  hand.  Then  he  drew  the  bow.  The  arrow 
flew  straight  from  the  string.  It  cut  in  two 
pieces  the  apple  on  the  boy's  head. 

With  a  cry  of  joy  TelFs  son  ran  to  him.  "  I 
knew  you  could  do  it,  father/'  he  cried.  "  No 
other  man  in  all  Switzerland  shoots  so  well." 

Even  the  cruel  Gessler  smiled.  "  But  what  is 
your  second  arrow  for?  "  he  asked. 

"To  shoot  you,  had  I  killed  my  son,"  was  the 
answer. 


sulVject  free'dom 

miss  pa'ces 

cer'tain  joy 

trem'bling 


cru'el 

rul'er 

pole 

chose 

un  cov'er        string 

Swit'zer  land 

179 

LESSON   73 
ALEXANDER  AND  BUCEPHALUS  — I 

The  country  of  Macedon  was  once  ruled  by  a 
king  called  Philip.  This  king  was  also  a  great 
general,  and  his  army  was  one  of  the  finest  in 
the  world. 

King  Philip  had  a  son  whose  name  was  Alex- 
ander. He  was  brave  and  strong  like  his  father. 
He  also  loved  war.  When  he  was  a  young  boy 
he  watched  the  soldiers  marching  and  learned 
what  his  father  taught  them. 

Alexander  was  very  fond  of  horses.  He  could 
ride  any  horse,  however  wild,  and  had  no  fear  of 
danger.  When  he  rode  through  the  streets  peo- 
ple smiled  and  said :  "He  is  a  brave  boy ;  he 
will  be  a  still  greater  soldier  than  his  father." 

One  day  there  came  to  the  court  of  King 
Philip  a  stranger,  bringing  a  beautiful  black 
horse  to  sell.  He  was  a  fine  strong  animal  and 
the  king  wished  to  buy  him.  But  he  was  so 
wild  that  neither  the  owner  nor  any  one  of  the 
king's  men  could  mount  him. 


180 


181 

"  Take  him  away/'  said  the  king;  "  you  ask  too 
high  a  price  for  a  horse  that  no  one  can  ride." 

"Wait  a  moment,  father,"  said  Alexander;  "I 
can  ride  him." 

Without  another  word  he  sprang  on  the  horse, 
spoke  to  him,  and  rode  away.  To  the  surprise 
of  all  the  animal  neither  ran  nor  jumped.  He 
seemed  to  know  that  Alexander  was  his  master, 
and  obeyed  him  at  once. 

King  Philip  shed  tears  of  joy.  "  The  people  are 
right,  my  son,"  he  said;  "you  will  be  a  greater 
king  than  your  father.  Even  dumb  animals  know 
your  will  and  obey  you." 

ALEXANDER  AND  BUCEPHALUS  —  II 

Years  passed  by  and  the  young  Alexander 
became  a  great  general.  He  went  with  his  army 
from  country  to  country.  Kings  and  princes 
yielded  to  him.  Nation  after  nation  came  under 
his  power.  The  whole  world  feared  him  and 
called  him  Alexander  the  Great. 

Wherever  he  went  his  horse  went  with  him.  In 
every  battle  Alexander  rode  Bucephalus.     When 


182 

the  horse  was  killed  Alexander  wept  as  if  he 
had  lost  a  friend.  Near  his  grave  he  built  a 
city.  This  city  he  called  Bucephalus  in  honor 
of  the  horse  that  had  never  obeyed  any  man 
except  Alexander  the  Great. 

sur  prise7  court  own'er         o  beyed' 

Mac'edon         yield'ed       pow'er         grave 
na'tion  shed  dumb 


LESSON  74 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lessons  72  and  73 

Tell  what  you  know  about  the  country  of  Swit- 
zerland. 

Why  did  the  soldiers  take  William  Tell  before 
Gessler  ? 

What  did  Gessler  require  William  Tell  to  do  ? 

Describe  the  horse  brought  to  the  court  of  King 
Philip. 


183 

What  did  the  king's  son  say  ?   What  did  he  do  ? 
What  did  Alexander  do  when  he  became  a  man  ? 
What  did  Alexander  build  near  the  grave  of 
Bucephalus. 

LESSON  75 

A  LETTER 

Iloilo,  P.I.,  April  5,  1904. 
Dear  Father : 

When  I  arrived  at  Iloilo  yesterday  Constancio 
was  at  the  wharf  to  meet  me.  He  was  the  first 
person  I  saw  when  I  landed. 

His  Uncle  Fernando  was  with  him,  and  as  it 
was  almost  dark  we  went  at  once  to  his  home. 

I  am  writing  this  letter  to  tell  you  that  Con- 
stancy's uncle  will  give  me  a  place  in  his  store. 
I  can  work  all  summer  if  you  will  let  me  stay. 

Please  let  me  know  as  soon  as  possible  what 
you  think  of  this.  I  should  like  to  stay  if  you 
are  willing. 

Your  loving  son, 

FORTUNATO    DE    LEON. 


184 

LESSON   76 

A  LETTER 

Manila,  PL,  April  15,  1904. 
Dear  Son : 

I  was  glad  to  hear  that  you  arrived  ill  Iloilo 
safely.  Your  mother  and  I  are  willing  for  you  to 
spend  the  summer  there,  if  you  can  live  in  the 
house  with  your  friends.  You  must  be  a  good 
boy  and  work  hard  for  Mr.  Gonzales.  He  is  a 
line  business  man  and  you  can  learn  much  from 
him. 

Of  course  I  expect  that  you  will  return  to 
Manila  in  time  to  enter  school  on  the  first  day 
of  the  session. 

Cousin  Miguel  was  here  last  week  and  was  sorry 
not  to  see  you.     He  was  on  his  way  to  Malolos. 

Be  sure  to  write  to  us  often,  and  tell  us  how 
you  like  Iloilo  and  your  work  there. 

Your  affectionate  father, 

Pastor  de  Leon. 


185 
LESSON  77 


A  GREAT  EARTHQUAKE 

There  are  few  people  in  the  Philippine  Islands 
who  have  never  felt  an  earthquake,  as  they  occur 
at  times  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 

You  remember  how  frightened  you  always  feel 
when  your  house  begins  to  move  back  and  forth, 
and  the  walls  shake  and  groan. 


186 

Perhaps  you  run  out  of  doors;  but  it  is  little 
better  there.  The  ground  trembles  under  your 
feet  and  the  streets  are  filled  with  people  as 
frightened  as  yourself. 

But  not  many  of  you  have  ever  felt  an  earth- 
quake so  severe  as  the  one  which  visited  Manila 
and  other  parts  of  Luzon  in  1863. 

This  earthquake  did  not  pass  away  in  a  few 
seconds.  Shock  after  shock  came.  The  brick 
and  stone  walls  of  the  houses  began  to  break. 
Then  they  fell  to  the  ground  with  a  crash. 
Large  churches  and  buildings  were  destroyed  in 
a  moment.  In  some  places  the  ground  cracked, 
and  near  the  sea  the  water  came  up  through 
the  openings. 

Many  were  killed  in  their  houses.  Others  ran 
into  the  streets  and  were  killed  by  the  falling 
walls.  Thousands  were  without  homes  or  any- 
thing to  eat. 

Almost  the  entire  city  of  Manila  was  destroyed. 
Some  of  the  nipa  houses  stood,  but  only  two  or 
three  stone  buildings  were  left  in  the  city.  One 
of   these    was    the    church    of    Saint    Augustine. 


187 

This  church,   the  great  wall,  and  a  few  houses 
remained. 

Months  of  hard  work  and  much  money  were 
needed  to  rebuild  the  city.  But  at  last  it  was 
done,  and  to-day  there  are  only  a  few  places 
where  one  can  see  any  signs  of  the  great  earth- 
quake of  1863. 

shake  occur'  forth  shock 

groan  se  ve.re'  cracked  en  tire' 

brick  crash  rebuild'  signs 

thou'sands         re  mained'         earth'quake 


Use  the  prefix  un  and  form  words  opposite  in 
meaning  to  the  following : 

kind  comfortable  truthful 

happy  able  grateful 

Add  the  suffix  less  to  the  following  words  and 
explain  the  meaning  of  the  words  thus  formed : 

hope  faith  heart  cheer 

child  thank  home  friend 


188 


LESSON  78 


A  STORY  OF  THE  EARTHQUAKE  — I 


At  the  time  of  the  earth- 
quake there  lived  in  Calle 
Iris  in  Manila,  with  his 
wife  and  baby,  a  Filipino 
named  Emiliano  Billote. 

The  baby  was  a  pretty 
little  girl.  Her  skin  was 
fair,  her  eyes  were  large 
and  black,  and  her  hair 
curled  about  her  neck  and 
ears.  Emiliano  and  his  wife  were  very  proud  of 
Carmencita,  as  they  called  her.  They  bought 
rings  for  her  little  white  fingers  and  pretty  rib- 
bons for  her  hair.  They  dressed  her  better  than 
any  other  child  in  the  house  where  they  lived. 

When  Emiliano  went  away  to  his  work  in  the 
morning  his  wife  held  the  baby  up  to  the  heavy 
iron  grating  which  covered  the  windows.  Car- 
mencita thrust  her  little  arms  between  the  bars, 
laughing  and  waving  good-bye  to  her  father. 


189 


A  STORY  OF  THE  EARTHQUAKE  —  II 

And  then  came  the  earthquake.  Calle  Iris 
was  left  a  wreck.  Churches  and  houses  were 
overthrown.  The  street  was  filled  with  the  ruins 
of  homes  and  buildings.  Not  a  person  could  be 
seen.  Men,  women,  and  children  had  fled  to  the 
fields  to  escape  the  falling  stones  and  timbers. 

The  next  day  there  passed  through  Calle  Iris 
a  man  who  had  lost  home,  family,  and  friends 
in  the  earthquake.  He  was  very  sad  and  walked 
slowly  along  with  bowed  head  and  hands  crossed 
behind  him. 

Suddenly  close  to  the  street  he  heard  a  child's 
laugh.  There  among  the  ruins  of  a  large  stone 
house  sat  a  baby  girl.  Her  skin  was  fair,  her  eyes 
were  large  and  black,  and  her  hair  curled  about 
her  neck  and  ears.  In  her  little  hands,  covered 
with  rings,  she  held  a  large  banana  which  she 
was  eating. 

When  the  man  stopped  to  look  at  the  child 
she  laughed  again,  dropped  the  banana,  and  held 
out  her  hands. 


190 

The  stranger  raised  her  in  his  arms  and  carried 
her  away  with  him.  For  many  weeks  he  tried 
to  find  her  parents.  But  the  baby  could  not  tell 
who  she  was  and  no  one  else  knew  anything 
about  her. 

"  I  shall  keep  you  as  my  child,"  said  the  good 
man.  "  I  have  lost  my  home,  my  wife,  and  my 
children,  but  the  earthquake  has  brought  me 
something." 

So  the  little  girl  grew  up  in  a  new  home  with 
a  new  father.  She  played  and  went  to  school, 
and  was  happy  like  other  little  girls.  People 
called  her  Filomena  Favila.  She  never  knew 
that  she  had  once  been  Carmencita  Billote  and 
had  lived  in  a  large  stone  house  in  Calle  Iris. 
Nor  did  she  remember  that  she  had  had  a  mother 
who  held  her  up  to  the  iron  bars  to  laugh  and 
wave  good-bye  to  her  father  when  he  went  to  work 
in  the  morning. 

wav'ing         wreck  grat'ing         thrust 

bowed  ru'ins  par'ents         tim'ber 

o  ver  thrown'  crossed 


191 

LESSON   79 
A  TIDAL  WAVE  — I 

An  earthquake  on  land  is  terrible.  But  one 
which  comes  under  the  sea  is  worse. 

When  the  land  under  the  sea  trembles  and 
shakes  it  sets  a  great  wave  in  motion  which 
grows  higher  and  higher  as  it  travels  toward  the 
shore.  Sometimes  this  wave  is  as  high  as  the 
tallest  building  you  have  ever  seen. 

Such  a  wave  is  called  a  tidal  wave.  It  often 
drives  large  ships  upon  the  shore  and  wrecks 
them.  It  sometimes  sweeps  over  the  land, 
ruining  harvests,  destroying  houses,  and  drowning 
people. 

Japan  is  a  country  of  many  earthquakes.  In 
some  parts  of  the  country  there  is  an  earthquake 
almost  every  day  in  the  year.  Tidal  waves  often 
accompany  these.  A  few  years  ago  a  tidal  wave 
swept  the  coast  of  northern  Japan.  It  washed 
away  towns  and  villages  and  killed  twenty-seven 
thousand  people.  The  water  rushed  over  the 
fields  and  destroyed  everything  in  its  path. 


192 

A  TIDAL  WAVE  — II 

Almost  in  the  center  of  a  small  town  on  the 
coast  of  northern  Japan  rises  a  high  hill.  On 
this  hill,  centuries  ago,  the  people  built  a  beauti- 
ful temple  of  cedar  wood.  In  front  of  the  temple 
they  placed  two  lamps  on  great  pillars  of  stone. 
The  light  of  these  lamps  shone  down  into  the  city 
and  guided  the  people  to  the  temple. 

There  were  more  than  a  hundred  wide  stone 
steps  leading  up  from  the  foot  of  the  hill.  At 
the  top  of  the  steps,  before  the  temple,  there 
hung  a  large  bell.  The  bell  was  rung  morning 
and  evening.  It  could  be  heard  all  over  the 
town  calling  the  people  to  prayer. 

Years  passed  and  never  had  the  bell  failed  to 
ling  at  the  usual  hours,  nor  had  it  ever  rung  at 
any  other  time  than  the  hours  when  the  people 
should  come  to  the  temple  to  pray. 

But  one  day  about  noon  the  whole  town  was 
startled  by  the  sound  of  the  old  bell.  Faster, 
louder,  longer  it  rang  than  ever  before.  People 
rushed  from  their  houses.     "  The  temple  bell !  y' 


193 

they  cried.  "  What  can  have  happened?  "  Men, 
women,  and  children  ran  to  the  hill  and  up  the 
great  steps. 

There  stood  the  gray-haired  keeper  of  the  tem- 
ple still  pulling  the  long  bell  rope.  "What  is 
the  matter?"  the  people  cried. 

For  an  answer  the  old  man  pointed  far  out  at 
sea.  There  they  saw  a  great  tidal  wave  rolling 
toward  the  shore. 

Then  the  people  understood.  Those  who  were 
the  last  to  arrive  had  scarcely  reached  the  top  of 
the  hill  when  the  great  wave  swept  over  houses 
and  fields. 

The  old  bell  and  its  keeper  had  saved  the  lives 
of  the  people. 

worse  mo'tion         tid'al  sound 

pray  ce'dar  tem'ple  pray'er 

failed  startled        guid'ed  steps 

drown'ing 


Seat  Work:  Find  the  following  expressions  in  the  lesson,  and 
for  each  give  a  single  word  which  means  the  same  thing :  travels 
toward,  in  front  of,  all  over,  rolling  toward. 


194 


LESSON  80 


&£&& 

•  -  - 

r7   fir  ffrm&fi* 

^nll  ^ 

POMPEII 

Many  centuries  ago  there  was  in  Italy  a  town 
called  Pompeii,  lying  between  a  tall,  dark  moun- 
tain and  the  sea. 

It  was  a  beautiful  city  with  smooth,  wide  streets 
and  quaint  houses  of  many  colors.  Trees  and 
flowers  grew  everywhere,  and  little  streams  flow- 
ing down  from  the  mountains  kept  the  air  fresh 
and  cool. 

One  morning  more  than  eighteen  hundred  years 
ago  the  sun  rose  bright  and  warm.  The  streets 
of  Pompeii  were  filled  with  people,  some  working, 


195 

others  riding  in  line  carriages,  and  boys  and  girls 
playing  or  going  to  school. 

Suddenly  a  loud  noise  like  the  tiring  of  many 
guns  was  heard.  A  shout  rose  from  the  people. 
"The  mountain!  the  mountain!"  they  cried. 

From  the  tall,  dark  mountain  behind  the  city 
came  a  great  cloud  of  smoke  and  ashes.  In  a 
moment  the  sky  was  obscured.  The  people  could 
not  find  their  way  in  the  streets.  Searching  for 
their  homes  they  fell  to  the  ground  blinded  by 
the  ashes  and  smothered  by  the  steam  and  gases. 

Louder  and  louder  grew  the  roar  from  the  moun- 
tain. A  rain  of  stones  and  sand  fell  over  the  city. 
A  river  of  melted  rock  flowed  over  the  streets  and 
houses.  All  was  darkness  except  for  the  light  of 
the  flames  and  the  red-hot  stones.  The  town  and 
the  wide  plain  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  were 
entirely  buried. 

At  last  the  smoke  ceased  to  rise,  the  ashes  set- 
tled, and  the  sun  shone  once  more.  But  where  the 
beautiful  city  of  Pompeii  had  been  was  now  a  great 
field  of  bare,  brown  rocks  and  hardened  mud. 

Hundreds  of  years  passed.     Another  town  rose 


196 

close  to  the  sea,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain. 
People  had  forgotten  the  terrible  days  when 
smoke  and  ashes  had  covered  everything.  They 
had  even  forgotten  that  a  town  had  lain  in  the 
low  valley. 

One  day  a  poor  farmer  was  digging  a  well.  His 
shovel  struck  something  hard.  Digging  deeper 
he  found  a  statue.  Large  numbers  of  men  were 
put  to  work  by  the  Italian  government.  Streets 
and  houses  were  uncovered ;  gardens,  baths,  and 
fine  buildings  were  laid  bare. 

Men  knew  that  they  had  discovered  the  beau- 
tiful city  of  Pompeii  which  had  been  buried  so 
many  centuries  before  by  the  volcano  Vesuvius. 

Now  many  travelers  visit  Pompeii  every  year 
and  walk  through  the  streets  of  the  dead  city. 
They  see  schools  and  temples  and  houses  where 
thousands  of  people  once  lived  and  worked  just 
as  we  do  to-dav. 


melt'ed 

gas'es 

bare 

ash'es 

ob  scured' 

quaint 

fresh 

roar 

cen'tu  ries 

red'-hot 

en  tire'ly 

shov'el 

smoth'ered 

vol  ca'no 

ter'ri  ble 

ceased 

197 

LESSON  81 


VOLCANOES   OF  THE  PHILIPPINES 

There  are  in  the  Philippine  Islands  two  famous 
volcanoes  which  are  somewhat  active  to-day. 

One  of  these,  Mayon,  is  in  southern  Luzon,  and 
is  numbered  among  the  most  beautiful  mountains 
of  the  world.  In  shape  it  is  almost  a  perfect 
cone,  a  light  steam  or  smoke  arising  from  the  top. 
This  mountain  can  often  be  seen  by  people  on 
ships  far  out  at  sea. 


198 

Taal  has  been  the  most  destructive  of  the  Phil- 
ippine volcanoes.  It  rises  from  the  center  of 
Lake  Bombon,  and  has  an  opening  or  crater  in 
its  top  more  than  a  mile  wide. 

This  crater  was  formed  almost  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years  ago.  A  loud  roaring  sound  was  heard, 
and  smoke,  ashes,  and  fire  were  seen  coming  from 
the  mountain.  The  entire  top  of  the  old  crater 
was  torn  off,  leaving  this  great  opening. 

A  stream  of  melted  stone  and  rock  called  lava 
rolled  down  the  mountain,  destroying  fields  and 
small  towns. 

The  smoke  and  ashes  obscured  the  light  of  the 
sun.  Heavy  winds  with  rain  and  lightning  fol- 
lowed. The  waters  of  Lake  Bombon  flooded  the 
town  of  Taal.  The  people  who  were  not  killed 
by  the  gases,  falling  stones,  or  the  water  from  the 
lake  left  their  homes  never  to  return. 

The  disturbance  of  this  volcano  lasted  six 
months.  When  at  last  it  was  quiet  once  more 
the  country  near  by  was  seen  to  be  almost  ruined. 
The  towns  had  been  destroyed  and  the  fields  were 
covered  with  mud  and  lava. 


199 

All  this  was  many  years  ago.  To-day  there  are 
new  towns  built  up  about  Lake  Boinbon,  and  the 
fields  again  produce  good  crops  of  rice  and  sugar. 

People  live  happily  near  the  great  volcano  and 
seem  to  see  no  danger  in  the  steam  and  vapors 
which  yet  rise  from  its  crater. 


some'what 

shape 

cone 

per'fect 

de  struc'tive 

cra'ter 

la'va 

ac'tive 

dis  turb'ance 

va'pors 

crop 

pro  duce' 

lightning 

de  stroy' 

ing 

flooded 

Use  the  following  expressions  in  sentences. 


tear  off               once  more 

near  by 

pass  by              in  a  moment 

fill  with 

ine  the  following  words. 

ashes                 disturbance 

flood 

cone                   destructive 

center 

Using  the  prefix  re,  form  other  words  from  the 
following  and  give  their  meaning. 

pay         turn         fill         cover         gain         place 


200 


LESSON  82 


THE  HIPPOPOTAMUS 

This  big  animal  does  not  look  much  like  a 
horse,  does  it?  But  it  has  a  long  name  which 
means  a  river  horse.     It  is  the  hippopotamus.. 

The  hippopotamus  lives  in  Africa.  It  is  larger 
than   the   carabao   and   almost   as   large   as  the 


201 

elephant,  but  not  so  tall.  It  is  a  very  ugly  ani- 
mal. Its  skin  is  black  and  coarse  and  its  legs 
look  too  short  for  its  body. 

The  hippopotamus  lives  about  rivers  and  in 
swamps.  It  can  stay  under  water  a  long  time. 
Often  when  men  hunt  it,  it  hides  in  the  water. 

Men  row  in  small  boats  and  shoot  the  hippo- 
potamus or  strike  it  with  heavy  spears.  The  skin 
on  the  sides  and  back  is  very  thick.  Hunters  try 
to  shoot  it  in  the  head  or  shoulders. 

This  animal  eats  grass  and  grains.  Large  num- 
bers of  them  go  together  at  night  into  the  woods 
and  fields.  In  a  short  time  they  can  destroy  all 
the  grain  in  a  large  field. 

For  this  reason  the  people  in  Africa  try  to  kill 
the  hippopotamus.  They  often  dig  large  holes 
in  the  ground  and  it  falls  into  them  at  night. 
When  found  it  will  fight  fiercely. 


means             coarse 

rea'son             holes 

swamps          Af'ri  ca 

spear                ug'ly 

shoul'ders 

fiercely 

202 


LESSON   83 


GREGORIO'S  FALL 

It  was  early  in  the  month  of  September  and 
the  rice  paddies  were  full  of  water.  Every  after- 
noon little  Genaro  Villamil  took  his  bamboo  pole 
and  went  to  the  paddy  to  fish. 

The  road  had  been  built  up  high  and  on  each 
side  of  it  were  large  fields.  Genaro  found  a  good 
place  to  stand  and  threw  his  line  into  the  paddy. 
Sometimes  he  did  not  catch  any  fish  at  all;  but 
at  other  times  he  went  home  with  eight  or  ten 
strung  on  a  piece  of  vine. 


203 

One  afternoon  as  Genaro  stood  on  the  roadside 
fishing,  his  neighbor,  Gregorio  Santos,  came  by. 
Gregorio  was  a  big  boy  who  did  not  work  or  go 
to  school.  He  wore  white  clothes  and  good  shoes 
every  day  and  thought  that  he  knew  much  more 
than  poor  little  boys  like  Genaro. 

"Have  you  caught  any  fish  this  afternoon?7' 
Gregorio  asked  as  he  came  up. 

"Only  one,"  said  Genaro. 

"You  don't  know  how  to  fish,"  said  Gregorio. 

"  Oh,  yes,  I  do,"  answered  Genaro.  "  Some  days 
I  catch  many." 

"Let  me  show  you,"  said  Gregorio;  "I  know 
how  better  than  you  do." 

He  took  the  pole  from  Genaro's  hands  and 
threw  the  line  into  the  paddy.  The  boys  waited 
a  few  moments,  but  the  fish  did  not  bite.  "  I 
know  what's  the  matter,"  said  Gregorio;  "the 
hook  needs  a  fresh  bait." 

He  found  a  small  piece  of  meat  in  the  cocoa- 
nut  shell  on  the  ground  and  put  it  on  the  hook. 
Leaning  far  out  from  the  high  road,  he  threw  the 
line  with  a  hard  jerk  into  the  paddy. 


204 

Gregorio  had  not  noticed  that  he  stood  on  the 
very  edge  of  the  road,  which  was  wet  and  slippery 
from  the  long  rains.  With  his  shoes  on  he  could 
not  stand  so  firmly.  As  he  threw  the  line  into 
the  paddy  his  feet  slipped  and  he  went  head  first 
into  the  muddy  water. 

The  water  was  not  very  deep,  but  when  he 
jumped  to  his  feet  and  climbed  upon  the  road 
he  was  a  funny-looking  boy.  His  hat  was  gone, 
his  clothes  were  wet  and  muddy,  and  the  water 
was  running  in  streams  from  his  face  and  hair. 

Genaro  did  not  laugh.  He  picked  up  his  pole 
and  the  cocoanut  shell  with  the  meat  in  it.  "  You 
have  scared  away  all  the  fish,"  he  said.  "I  am 
going  home  now.  But  if  you  will  come  back 
to-morrow,  I  will  show  you  how  to  catch  fish." 

jerk  fun'ny  bait  clothes 

firmly  no'ticed  hook  slipped 

pad'dies         slip'pery  scared         leaning 
streams  aft'er  noon' 

Seat  Work :  Find  the  following  expressions  in  the  lesson,  and 
for  each  give  a  single  word  meaning  the  same  thing:  came  by, 
came  up,  jumped  to  his  feet,  running  in  streams. 


205 

LESSON  84 
RAFAEL  AND  CLAUDIA 

At  the  time  when  the  great  eruption  of  the 
Taal  volcano  occurred,  there  lived  in  the  town  of 
Taal  an  old  man  named  Rafael  Casson  with  his 
wife  Claudia. 

As  the  smoke  and  ashes  began  to  rise  from  the 
mountain  many  people  went  from  the  town  into 
the  fields  far  away,  taking  their  carabaos  and  rice 
with  them. 

But  Rafael  and  Claudia  were  not  willing  to 
leave  their  little  home  near  the  lake.  "  I  have 
seen  as  much  before/7  said  Rafael,  "  and  it  has 
never  done  any  harm  to  the  town.  We  will  not 
go  yet." 

After  a  time  darkness  began  to  settle  over 
the  country,  and  the  ashes  and  stones  fell  more 
thickly.  "We  must  go  at  once!"  cried  Rafael. 
"  Soon  we  shall  not  be  able  to  find  our  way." 

So  the  old  people  hurried  away,  leaving  their 
home,  their  carabaos,  and  all  the  rice  remaining 
from  the  last  harvest. 


206 

With  many  other  people  of  the  town  they  jour- 
neyed a  long  distance  from  the  mountain,  to  a 
place  where  the  sun  shone  faintly  and  the  stones 
and  ashes  did  not  fall.  Their  friends  gave  them 
food  and  let  them  ride  in  their  carts. 

Eafael  and  Claudia  had  an  only  son  in  Manila. 
When  he  heard  of  the  eruption  of  Taal  he  set  out 
at  once  to  save  his  father  and  mother.  After  a  long 
search  he  found  them  with  their  friends  in  a  small 
town  about  thirty  miles  from  the  mountain. 

A  few  days  later  he  took  them  to  his  home  in 
Manila  to  live.  In  the  months  that  followed,  the 
darkness  caused  by  the  volcano  reached  even  there, 
and  the  people  burned  candles  all  day. 

During  this  time  Rafael  and  Claudia  thought 
of  the  town  of  Taal  only  with  fear  and  horror. 
But  when  the  darkness  had  cleared  away  and  the 
mountain  was  quiet  they  began  to  long  for  their 
old  home  and  planned  to  return. 

14  You  never  can  return  to  Taal,"  their  son  said 
to  them  day  after  day.  "  The  town  is  destroyed 
and  the  fields  are  ruined.  You  have  no  home  and 
no  friends  there." 


207 

But  the  old  people  could  not  believe  it.  They 
saw  in  their  minds  the  place  as  they  had  left  it,  — 
the  beautiful  lake,  the  dark  mountain  against  the 
blue  sky,  and  the  green  fields  of  rice  and  sugar 
cane. 

"Now  the  men  and  boys  are  cutting  the  rice," 
Rafael  would  say  to  Claudia;  or,  "It  will  soon 
be  time  to  cut  the  cane.7'  "Yes,  and  the  women 
are  weaving  cloth,"  Claudia  would  reply.  "  I  can 
almost  hear  the  sound  of  the  loom." 

The  son  saw  how  sad  his  parents  were,  and 
decided  to  take  them  to  visit  Taal.  They  made 
the  trip  in  a  covered  cart  drawn  by  a  carabao, 
stopping  often  to  rest  by  the  way,  as  the  old 
people  had  become  very  feeble. 

But  they  were  happy  once  more.  They  talked 
and  laughed  like  children,  planning  what  they 
should  do  when  they  reached  their  home. 

As  they  drew  near  Taal  mud  and  lava  could  be 
seen  on  the  fields.  They  passed  a  low  hill  at  the 
foot  of  which  had  been  a  pretty  village.  Now 
only  heaps  of  stones  and  pieces  of  bamboo  marked 
the  place. 


208 

The  happy  talk  and  laughter  of  Rafael  and 
Claudia  had  ceased.  They  looked  around  them 
with  wonder  and  sorrow. 

Slowly  the  cart  went  on  until  it  reached  the  spot 
where  the  town  of  Taal  had  stood.  There  they 
saw  only  a  field  covered  with  hardened  lava. 
Not  a  house,  not  a  tree  remained.  They  could  not 
even  tell  where  their  own  home  had  been. 

The  poor  old  couple  gazed  about  the  place  in 
silence.  They  were  thinking  of  happy  homes  and 
ripe  crops,  of  children  playing  in  the  streets,  and 
of  carabaos  feeding  in  green  fields.  But  of  all 
this  they  said  not  a  word. 

Then  the  old  man  looked  at  his  wife.  "  Come, 
let  us  go/'  he  said.  Slowly  they  turned  and  went 
back  to  their  son,  who  sat  in  the  cart  waiting 
for  them. 


e  rup'tion          distance 

faint'ly           hor'ror 

cleared              weav'ing 

looms             gazed 

heaps                 sor'row 

won'der          spot 

hardened 

de  cid'ed 

209 

LESSON  85 

A  LETTER 

Manila,  P. I., 

March.  29,  1904. 
Dear  Cousin  Felipa: 

I  thought  perhaps  you  would  like  a  picture  of 
our  school.  I  am  sending  you  one  which  was 
taken  last  week. 

Our  teacher,  Miss  Crowell,  has  just  left  us  to 
refen  to  America.  She  has  been  in  the  Philip- 
pines for  nearly  three  years.  We  all  like  her 
very  much  and  were  sorry  to  see  her  go.  Some 
of  us  cried  when  we  said  good-bye  to  her  yester- 
day morning. 

Miss  Crowell  wished  to  have  a  picture  of  the 
schoolhouse  and  all  her  pupils.  So  we  had  this 
one  taken.  We  asked  her  to  sit  with  us  because 
we  wanted  a  picture  of  her. 

She  says  she  will  write  to  us  when  she  reaches 
America,  but  it  will  be  time  for  school  to  begin 
again  before  we  get  the  letter,  as  it  takes  so  long 
for  a  ship  to  cross  the  Pacific  Ocean. 


210 


211 

I  wish  I  could  go  to  America  on  one  of  those 
large  steamers.  There  are  wide  decks  and  com- 
fortable rooms.  I  know  that  I  should  have  a 
good  time,  because  I  love  the  sea. 

Next  year  we  shall  have  a  new  American 
teacher,  but  I  don't  think  we  shall  like  her  so 
well  as  we  do  Miss  Crowell,  because  she  will  be 
strange  to  us. 

During  this  vacation  mother  will  take  me  to 
San  Fernando,  Union,  to  make  a  visit.  Have 
you  ever  been  there?  It  is  on  the  seashore, 
you  know,  and  mother  says  I  may  go  sailing 
every  day. 

Has  Gracia  come  back  from  Aparri  ?  She  said 
that  she  would  write  to  me,  but  I  have  not  yet 
heard  from  her. 

Let  me  know  if  you  receive  the  picture  and 
how  you  like  it.     Mother  sends  her  love  to  you. 

Your  cousin, 

Pepita  Garcia. 


212 

LESSON  86 
LANGUAGE  EXERCISE 

Based  on  Lessons  80  and  81 

Name  two  famous  volcanoes  of  the  Philippines 
and  tell  which  has  been  the  more  destructive. 

Tell  how  and  when  the  present  crater  of  Taal 
was  formed. 

Describe  the  destruction  of  the  town  of  Taal 
and  of  the  surrounding  country. 

What  volcano  destroyed  Pompeii?  Where  was 
Pompeii  ? 

Describe  Pompeii  before  its  destruction. 

How  was  the  buried  city  discovered? 

Name  some  of  the  things  which  travelers  see  in 
the  buried  city. 


Define  the  following  words. 


quaint 

lava 

smothered 

settled 

buried 

discovered 

famous 

active 

obscured 

crater 

ruined 

produce 

213 

LESSON  87 


Jte:jft>f 


THE  LADRONE  ISLANDS 

You  have  read  that  before  Magellan  reached 
the  Philippines  he  discovered  a  small  group  of 
islands  lying  far  out  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  To 
these  islands  he  gave  the  name  Islas  de  las  Velas 
Latinas,  but  later  he  called  them  the  Ladrones, 
and  so  they  are  known  to-day. 

The  Ladrone  Islands  lie  about  fifteen  hundred 
miles  east  of  the  Philippines.  Guam  is  the 
largest  of  the  group;  but  you  would  not  think  it 
very  large  if  you  could  see  it  beside  Luzon,  Min- 
danao, or  many  other  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 
It  is  only  thirty  miles  long,  and  from  three  to 
nine  miles  wide. 


214 

For  many  years  Spain  owned  the  Ladrone 
Islands,  but  in  1898  she  ceded  Guam  to  the 
United  States  and  sold  the  remainder  of  the 
group  to  Germany. 

The  people  of  the  Ladrone  Islands  are  small  and 
dark.  They  are  said  to  be  descendants  of  people 
who  went  there  long  ago  from  the  Philippines. 

They  are  not  very  industrious  and  work  only 
enough  to  get  food  and  a  little  clothing.  Their 
small  houses  are  made  of  bamboo,  palm  leaves 
being  used  for  the  roof.  There  are  few  large 
buildings  of  any  kind. 

Rice,  sugar,  cacao,  and  corn  are  raised  in  small 
quantities.  Banana  plants  and  cocoanut  trees 
grow  wild. 

Agana,  on  the  island  of  Guam,  is  the  largest  town 
of  the  Ladrones,  having  about  eight  thousand  in- 
habitants. Here  are  the  government  offices,  a  few 
good  houses,  and  other  buildings.  The  United 
States  has  established  a  public  school  in  Agana. 

group         ced'ed         re  main'der         de  scend'ants 
in  hab'it  ants       es  tab'lished       in  dus'tri  ous 


215 

LESSON  88 
THE  GENERAL'S  VISIT 

At  the  beginning  of  the  Spanish- American  War 
in  the  Philippines  an  American  general  and  his 
regiment  were  marching  in  a  province  in  northern 
Luzon. 

The  line  of  march  took  them  through  one  of 
the  small  towns.  When  they  entered  the  town  the 
general  was  surprised  to  see  the  streets  empty 
and  the  houses  deserted. 

Not  a  person  could  be  seen  except  one  old  man. 
He  stood  at  the  side  of  the  road  neatly  dressed  in 
a  suit  of  white,  with  his  hat  in  his  hand.  "  Wel- 
come to  our  town,  General !  '  he  cried  in  good 
English.     The  general  was  astonished. 

"  Who  are  you,"  he  asked,  "  who  speak  English  so 
well?    And  where  are  the  people  of  your  town?  " 

"I  am  Emilio  Hidalgo,  at  your  service,  sir," 
answered  the  old  man.  "  Long  ago  I  lived  in 
America  many  years.  When  the  people  of  this 
town  heard  that  the  Americans  were  coming 
they  were  afraid  and  ran  off  to  the  mountains. 


216 

I  begged  them  not  to  go,  but  they  would  not 
listen  to  me.  I  knew  the  Americans  and  told 
the  people  you  would  do  them  no  harm." 

The  general  was  much  pleased.  "  Go  to  the 
mountains,"  he  said,  "and  tell  the  people  to 
return  to  the  town.  I  have  come  as  a  friend 
and  do  not  wish  to  tight  with  them.  Take  this 
money  and  buy  some  food.  To-night  we  shall 
have  a  feast." 

So  the  old  man  went  to  the  mountains  and 
brought  back  the  people.  That  night  there  was 
a  great  feast  on  the  plaza.  Americans  and  Fili- 
pinos ate  together  and  became  friends. 

No  other  person  was  so  happy  as  Emilio 
Hidalgo.  He  went  among  the  people,  laughing 
and  talking,  and  repeating  again  and  again  what 
the  general  had  said. 

"  Come,  Don  Emilio,"  said  the  general;  "I  wish 
you  would  tell  me  how  you  went  to  America  and 
what  you  did  there." 

"  I  don't  speak  English  so  well  as  I  once  did, 
sir,"  Emilio  said;  "but  you  will  remember  that  I 
am  an  old  man  and  will  excuse  my  mistakes. 


217 

"  When  I  was  a  boy  fourteen  years  old  I  went 
to  Manila.  There  I  found  work  on  a  Spanish 
sailboat  which  brought  sugar  and  hemp  up  from 
Iloilo. 

"After  I  had  worked  for  the  captain  about  a 
year  he  told  me  that  the  boat  would  soon  take  a 
cargo  to  America,  and  asked  if  I  should  like  to  go. 

"I  told  him  that  I  should.  The  following 
month  we  started,  and  after  a  long  voyage  sailed 
into  the  harbor  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

"  There  I  often  talked  with  an  American,  Mr. 
Sturgis,  who  bought  the  cargo.  When  the  boat 
left  for  Manila  I  stayed  with  him. 

"  He  was  a  kind,  good  man.  He  took  me  to 
his  own  house  to  live.  I  went  to  school,  and  in 
the  morning  and  evening  helped  him  with  his 
work  at  the  dock.  After  three  years  I  could  speak 
and  write  English  well.  Then  I  did  not  go  to 
school  any  more,  but  worked  at  the  dock  all  day. 
Mr.  Sturgis  paid  me  good  wages. 

"I  liked  America  and  my  kind  friends  there, 
but  I  began  to  long  to  see  my  own  country  and 
my  father  and  mother. 


218 

"  "Twelve  years  after  I  had  left  home  I  boarded 
a  sailing  vessel  going  to  Manila.  I  took  with  me 
the  money  I  had  saved  in  America.  When  I  came 
back  to  my  town  I  bought  a  farm  and  three  cara- 
baos.  Here  I  have  lived  for  many  years.  You 
and  your  soldiers  are  the  first  Americans  I  have 
seen  since  I  returned  to  this  province." 

"And  you  are  the  first  Filipino  I  have  seen 
who  could  speak  English,"  said  the  general. 
"You  have  done  me  a  good  service  with  the 
people  of  your  town.  I  wish  you  to  take  this 
that  you  may  remember  the  day." 

So  saying  the  general  put  in  Emilio's  hands 
a  large  silk  American  flag. 

Now  Emilio  meets  many  people  who  can  speak 
English.  He  likes  to  take  them  to  his  house  to 
see  the  flag  hanging  on  the  wall,  and  to  tell  them 
about  the  general's  visit. 


reg'i  ment          de  sert'ed 

emp'ty 

neatly 

wel'come            wa'ges 

serv'ice 

feast 

dock                   mis  takes' 

ex  cuse' 

car'go 

as  ton'ished 

re  peat'ing 

VOCABULARY 


ac  com'plished 

bar'ren 

born 

cap'tain 

a' corn 

bath 

bot'tle 

cap'ture 

ac'tive 

bat'tle 

bot'tom 

care'ful 

af  t'er  wards 

beach 

bou  quet' 

car'go 

a  gainst' 

bean 

bow 

car'pen  ter 

a  live' 

bear 

branch 

car'riage 

a  mong' 

beard 

brav'er  y 

cease 

an'ger 

beau'ty 

bread 

ce'dar 

an'swer 

bea'ver 

breathe 

cede 

a  part' 

bed'room 

brick 

ceil'ing 

ar'mor 

be  gin'ning 

bridge 

cen'ter 

ar'row-mak'er 

be  hind' 

broad 

cen'tu  ry 

a  shamed' 

be  lieve' 

build'ing 

cer'tain 

ash'es 

be  long' 

bunch 

change 

as  ton'ish 

bench 

bun'dle 

cheer 

at  tack' 

be  yond' 

burn 

chest 

at  ten'tion 

blan'ket 

bur'ro 

chick 'en 

au'tumn 

blind 

bur'y 

chief 

aw k' ward  ly 

blood 

bush 

choc'o  late 

blos'som 

bus'iness 

choose 

bait 

blow 

Christ'mas 

band 

board 

ca  ca'o 

churn 

bare 

bod'y 

cam'el 

cir'cus 

bare'foot 

boil 

can'dy 

clap 

219 


220 


claw 

crash 

dine 

e  rup'tion 

clear 

cra'ter 

dirt 

es  cape' 

cloak 

cra'zy 

dis  cour'age 

es  tab'lish 

clothes 

crea'ture 

dis  cov'er 

ex'cel  lent 

cloud 

creep 

dis'tance 

ex  cept' 

coach 

crop 

dis  turb'ance 

ex  claim' 

coarse 

crow 

dive 

ex  cuse' 

coast 

crowd 

div'er 

coffee 

cru'el 

dock 

fac'to  ry 

col'o  ny 

curl'y 

down'stairs 

fail 

comb 

drag 

faint 'ly 

com'f  ort  a  ble 

dan'ger 

draw 

fa'mous 

com  mand' 

dan'ger  ous 

dream 

far'ther 

com  pan'ion 

dare 

drop 

fas'ten 

comparative 

ly  dash 

drown 

f  a'vor  ite 

com  pel' 

death 

dumb 

feast 

con  elude' 

de  ceive' 

feath'er 

cone 

de  cide' 

earth 

fel'low 

con'ti  nent 

deck 

earth'en 

fierce'ly 

con  tin'ue 

dec'o  rate 

earth'quake 

fin'ish 

con 'vent 

del'i  cate 

east'ern 

firm'ly 

cook 

de  scend' 

el'e  phant 

flame 

cop'per 

de  scend'ant 

em'per  or 

flat 

cor'ner 

des'ert 

emp'ty 

flesh 

Icost 
'  cot  'ton 

de  stroy' 

en'gine 

float 

de  struc'tive 

en  gi  neer' 

flood 

court 

dew 

e  nough' 

flour 

cov'er 

di'a  mond 

en  ter  tain 'm  ent  flow 

cow'ard  ly 

differ  ent 

en  tire' 

fol'low 

crack 

dif'fi  cult 

en  tire'ly 

fond 

221 


for' est 

hall 

in'ter  est 

life 

form 

ham'mer 

in  tel'li  gent 

lift 

fort 

hap' pen 

in  vite' 

light 

forth 

hard'en 

light'ning 

for'tu  nate 

har'vest 

jerk 

light'house 

for'ward 

hatch'et 

jour'ney 

limp 

free 

heap 

j°y 

line 

free'dom 

heart 

joy'ful  ly 

li'on 

freight 

heart'bro  ken 

juice 

lives 

fresh 

help'less 

load 

friend'ly 

hole 

ket'tle 

lock 

fun'ny 

home'less 

key 

lodge 

fur 

hon'or 

king'dom 

log 

fur'ni  ture 

hook 

kitch'en 

lone'ly 

hor'ror 

kneel 

loom 

gal'le  on 

horse 'back 

knock 

loose 

gas 

hose 

low 

gath'er 

hump 

lace 

low'er 

gaze 

hur'ry 

lack 

gen 'tie 

hurt 

lad'der 

mail 

gov'ern  ment 

hus'band 

lamp 

man'ners 

grat'ing 

husk 

land 

map 

grave 

lan'guage 

march 

grieve 

im  po  lite' 

la'va 

mas'ter 

groan 

im  por'tant 

la'zy 

mat'ter 

group 

in  crease' 

lead 

meal 

guard 

in'doors 

lean 

mean 

guide 

in  dus'tri  ous 

leave 

meas'ure 

guin'ea 

in  hab'it  ants 

lev'el 

melt 

in'sect 

lieu  ten'ant 

mend 

222 


message 

of  fi'cial 

pi'rate 

quaint 

mid'dle 

oil 

pit'y 

quan'tity 

midst 

or'der 

plan 

quar'rel  some 

mind 

ov'en 

please 

qui'et 

miss 

o  ver  throw' 

pleas'ure 

mis  take' 

own 

plen'ty 

rab'bit 

mix 

oys'ter 

po'em 

rail 

morn'ing-glo'ry 

po'et 

rail'road 

moth'er  less 

pace 

point 

range 

mo'tion 

pad'dle 

pole 

rap' id  ly 

moun'tain  ous 

pad'dy 

pol'ish 

rat' tie 

mud 

pain 

po  lite' 

rea'son 

mu'sic 

paint 

po  lite'ness 

re  build' 

palm 

poor 

rec  i  ta'tion 

nail 

pan 

pos  ses'sion 

re  cite' 

nar'row 

par'ent 

pot 

reg'i  ment 

na'tion 

pas 'sage 

pound 

rein'deer 

na'tive 

path 

pow'der 

re  main' 

neat'ly 

pa'tient 

pow'er 

re  main'der 

need 

paw 

pow'er  ful 

re  mem'ber 

ni'pa 

peace 

pray 

re  move' 

noth'ing 

pea' nut 

prayer 

re  peat' 

no'tice 

pearl 

pre  pare' 

re  ply' 

no' where 

peck 

press 

re  pub'lic 

pen  in'su  la 

price 

rest 

obey' 

per'fect 

pris'on 

re  treat' 

ob  scure' 

per  mis'sion 

pris'on  er 

re  turn' 

oc  cur' 

pil'grim 

pro  duce' 

rib'bon 

o'  clock' 

pi'lot 

prod'uct 

rich'es 

of 'fi  cer 

pipe 

pro  tect' 

right 

223 


rip'en 

shake 

spring 

sur  prise' 

roar 

shape 

squir'rel 

swal'low 

rock 

shark 

stain 

swamp 

roll'er 

shed 

stairs 

sweep 

roost'er 

sheep 

star'tle 

swift 

root 

shell 

state 

swol'len 

rough 

shock 

station 

row 

shoul'der 

steam 

tame 

roy'al 

shout 

steam'boat 

tax 

rub'ber 

shov'el 

steam'er 

tear 

ruin 

sign 

steel 

tem'ple 

si'lent 

stem 

tent 

sad'ness 

skirt 

step 

ter'ri  ble 

safe'ly 

slate 

stiff 

thick'ly 

salt 

sleep'er 

stove 

thirst'y 

sav'age 

sleep'y 

strait 

thou'sand 

scarcely 

slen'der 

stran'ger 

through 

scratch 

slip 

straw 

thrust 

scream 

slip'per  y 

stream 

tick'et 

sea 

smoke 

strength 

tid'al 

sea'man 

smoth'er 

stretch 

ti'ger 

se'cret 

sol'id 

strike 

tim'ber 

seize 

sometimes 

string 

tim'id 

sel'dom 

some'what 

stripe 

ti'ny 

serve 

sore 

subject 

to  bac'co 

service 

sor'row 

sud'den  ly 

toss 

set'tle 

sound 

su'gar 

trade 

se  vere' 

spark 

sup  pose' 

tram'pled 

sew 

spear 

sure 

trav'el 

shade 

spot 

sur'face 

trav'el  er 

224 


trem'ble 

un  roll' 

wave 

won'der 

tribe 

up'per 

weak 

won 'der  ful 

trip 

up'stairs 

wealth 

world 

trou'ble 

weave 

worn 

tube 

va  ca'tion 

weep 

worse 

twice 

val'en  tine 

w  el'  come 

wov'en 

val'ley 

west'ern 

wrap 

«g*iy 

va'por 

wheat 

wreck 

un  cov'er 

vel'vet 

whip 

wrin'kle 

un  der  stand' 

vil'lage 

whis'tle 

wrong 

un  hap'py 

vol  ca'no 

wide 

un  just' 

voy'age 

wife 

yield 

un  known' 

wise 

un  lock' 

wa'ges 

wolf 

ze'bra 

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